Question

急求关于这篇文章的英文翻译，谢谢！

1 卫星城发展战略及卫星城发展
工业化和经济发展极大地带动和促进了城市发展,随之而来的是日益严重的“城市病”,如交通拥挤、住房紧张、环境污染等。由于这些问题的严重程度与城市的规模有着密切的关系,这促使一些学者试图通过分流流向大城市的人口来限制大城市的发展,以解决(大)城市的“城市病”。他们认为,通过限制城市规模,来缓解或至少部分地解决城市问题,提高城市居民的生活水平,为城市居民提供良好的环境、优质的服务和有效率的设施。卫星城就是这一倡议下的产物。其核心宗旨是:希望通过在中心城市周围发展卫星城,以此截流流向中心城市的人口,控制中心城市人口规模的增长;或将中心城市的一些经济职能(特别是工业职能)转移到新建的卫星城。卫星城发展战略听起来似乎很吸引人,因而卫星城发展在20世纪70年代得到实践者、官员和城市管理者的响应,并在一些城市得到实施。
2 卫星城的积极作用
实证研究发现,卫星城发挥了3方面的作用:
一是控制中心城市发展,促进“离心”发展。如韩国的卫星城发展战略,间接地促进了几个最大城市的离心发展,并取得了一定的成功。在1981到1996年间,首尔中央商务区的人口比重从6•1%降到3•2%,一环内人口比重从43•4%降到26•1%。同时,二环内人口比重从50•5%上升到70•7%。
从就业来看,工业卫星城的建立在减缓首尔就业压力方面是很成功的。在1981-1990年期间,传统的韩国工业城市首尔、釜山、大丘其就业增长速度比全国平均72%的就业增长速度要低20个百分点。与此相反的是,首尔卫星港口城市仁川同时期内的就业增长速度为106%
二是促进公交导向的城市发展模式。如新加坡,它的公共交通系统使得人们对公共交通的利用强度很高,74%的居民通过公共交通线路去上班(Cervero,1998)。Tampines是新加坡依靠铁路提供交通服务的新城之一,它不仅在MRT而且在公共汽车换乘服务方面都有独到之处。进一步,这个城市包括了新加坡发展银行、各种娱乐和商业机构的就业机会。正如Cervero(1998)所言,“所有的住房都在到居住区中心十分钟的步行距离内,到学校、公园、娱乐中心通常只需要搭乘一小段公共交通”。
三是为内城居民提供另一个居住选择,从而可以提高生活质量。经济学理论论述,更多的选择可以提高消费者的福利水准。由于新加坡提供了廉价、方便和有效率的公共交通,卫星城里的住房无疑为城市居民提供了相对高质量和可支付得起的住房消费,从而提高了城市居民的生活质量。从这点上讲,新加坡是成功的。

Answer 1

1 satellite city development strategy and development of satellite
Industrialization and economic development greatly promoted the development of city driving and, increasingly serious "city", such as traffic congestion, housing and the environment. Because of the severity of the problem and the city scale have close relations, prompting some scholars to shunt flow through the city's population to restrict the development of cities, in order to solve the "(large) city urban disease". They believe that by restrict city scale, to alleviate or at least partially to solve problems, to improve urban living standards, urban residents for urban residents provide good environment, high quality service and efficient facilities. This is a satellite of the product under the initiative. Its core objective is: hope in the center city development through satellite, closure of the center city population flow, the control center city population growth, Or will the central city of some economic functions (especially the industrial function) transferred to the new satellite. Satellite city development strategy sounds very attractive and satellite development in the 1970s, officials and get practitioners, and the city governor response in some cities are carried out.
2 the positive role of the satellite
Empirical study found that three aspects of satellite play:
One is the control center city development, promote the development of centrifugal ". If South Korea's satellite development strategy, and indirectly promoting the development of several biggest city of centrifugal, and have achieved some success. In 1981 to 1996, Seoul, the population of CBD from 6 to March 2, 1, a total population of rings from 4% to 43, 26, 1%. At the same time, on the total population, from within 50 percent to 70 percent,.
From the perspective of employment, industrial satellite in Seoul, slow employment pressure is very successful. In 1981-1990 period, the traditional Korean industrial city of Seoul, busan taegu, its employment growth rate than the national average 72% of employment growth rate lower by 20 points. In sharp contrast, the port city at Seoul satellite incheon near the employment growth period for 106%
Two is to promote the development of urban transit oriented mode. Such as Singapore, it's public transport system for public transportation allows people to use high strength, 74% of public transportation routes to residents through work (Cervero, 1998). Singapore is on railway Tampines provide transportation service is one of the new town, it not only in the MRT and in the bus interchange service are unique. Further, the city including Singapore development bank, entertainment and business opportunities of employment. As Cervero (1998), "all the houses in the center of the residential area to ten minutes, within walking distance to the school, park, entertainment center is usually only need to take a short public transportation."
Three is to provide inner city residents living in another choice, which can improve the quality of life. Economics theory, more choice can improve the welfare of consumers. The Singapore provides cheap and convenient and efficient public transportation, satellite town for urban residents of the housing provided relatively high quality and affordable housing consumption, so as to improve the quality of life in urban areas. From this point, Singapore is successful.