Question

谢谢！请帮忙翻译一下这段话

这是专业英语，翻译软件是不行的，译出来的东西根本看不懂。谢谢！
At its inception, Israeli law generally adopted common law as applied in Palestine by the British Mandate prior to 1948. As such, the law included the traditional English mental incompetence-based guardianship regime. However, in 1962, the Israeli legislature, called the Knesset, enacted a totally new law to cover the fundamental field of legal capacity and guardianship. The new law was perceived to be part of the broader novel Israeli jurisprudence in the private law sphere, and was heavily influenced by continental jurisprudence, rejecting the common law jurisprudence in this field
Interestingly, the Israeli legislative adoption of the civil law's tradition in the field of guardianship was not an exact replica, but rather an original development. Israel adopted the short and principle-like statements as well as the paternalistic rationale of the continental law tradition. However, it rejected the less restrictive measures of curatorship and tutorship. In particular, the Israeli law recognizes two types of cases in which a court may appoint a guardian over an adult. The first type represents the remains of the common-law influence, allowing the court to nominate a guardian over adults who suffer from mental disability or mental illness, In such cases, the guardianship is full and total in the sense that the ward loses his or her legal rights in all spheres of life. The second type reflects the influence of continental law, authorizing the court to nominate a guardian over a person and/ or property once a finding is made that "a person is unable, permanently or temporarily, to take care of his affairs, all or some...." The regulations governing the functional definition of legal incapacity demand that a medical expert opinion be part of the request to nominate a guardian in mental disability or mental health cases. In practice, such medical opinions are also provided in the loss of functional ability cases, This reality makes the Israeli experience similar to a medical-based model of adult guardianship.

Answer 1

At its inception, Israeli law generally adopted common law as applied in Palestine by the British Mandate prior to 1948. As such, the law included the traditional English mental incompetence-based guardianship regime. However, in 1962, the Israeli legislature, called the Knesset, enacted a totally new law to cover the fundamental field of legal capacity and guardianship. The new law was perceived to be part of the broader novel Israeli jurisprudence in the private law sphere, and was heavily influenced by continental jurisprudence, rejecting the common law jurisprudence in this field
Interestingly, the Israeli legislative adoption of the civil law's tradition in the field of guardianship was not an exact replica, but rather an original development. I
起初，以色列法律一般沿袭1948年前英国总督在巴勒斯坦实行的普通法，因此法律中体现的是传统的，英国式的精神疾患监护制度。但在1962年，以色列的立法机构“奈赛特”起草了一项全新的法律，对“法律行为能力”和“监护”的基本定义作出重新诠释，这一新法被视为以色列在私法领域法理学革新的产物，它深受大陆法系影响，屏弃了普通法理学在这一领域的论述。有趣的是：以色列虽然接受传统民法在监护领域的解释，但并非全盘照搬，而是独有创意。

Israel adopted the short and principle-like statements as well as the paternalistic rationale of the continental law tradition. However, it rejected the less restrictive measures of curatorship and tutorship. In particular, the Israeli law recognizes two types of cases in which a court may appoint a guardian over an adult. The first type represents the remains of the common-law influence, allowing the court to nominate a guardian over adults who suffer from mental disability or mental illness, In such cases, the guardianship is full and total in the sense that the ward loses his or her legal rights in all spheres of life. The second type reflects the influence of continental law, authorizing the court to nominate a guardian over a person and/ or property once a finding is made that "a person is unable, permanently or temporarily, to take care of his affairs, all or some........" The regulations governing the functional definition of legal incapacity demand that a medical expert opinion be part of the request to nominate a guardian in mental disability or mental health cases. In practice, such medical opinions are also provided in the loss of functional ability cases, This reality makes the Israeli experience similar to a medical-based model of adult guardianship.
它接受大陆法系中那些戒律式的简洁陈述以及父权体制，却将援护、指导这些相对强制性较弱的措施拒之门外。举例来说，以色列法律确认法庭在两种情况下有权为一成年人指定监护人，第一种情况受到普通法的残余影响，允许法庭为精神残疾或疾患者委派监护人，在这种情况下，监护身份一旦确认，就意味着被监护人在一切生活领域完全丧失了法定权利；第二种情况受到大陆法系的影响，授权法庭在业已确认“某人暂时或永久无法料理全部或部分个人事务”的情况下为该人或其产业委派监护人，依照该规定，若要从事实上确认某人已失去法律行为能力，需经医学专家认可，这是为精神残疾或疾患者指定监护人的条件之一。在实际操作中，遇到涉及肢体功能丧失判定的案例时，也需要援引医疗专家的意见，这使得以色列的成年人监护法在实践中成为以医生意见为本的范例。

注：译文内容不少，请仔细详阅。

Answer 2

在其成立以来，以色列法律普遍采用普通法适用于巴勒斯坦由英国委任统治之前的1948年。因此，该法包括传统的英式精神无能的监护制度。然而，在1962年，以色列议会，要求议会，颁布了一项新法律，完全覆盖领域的基本法律行为能力和监护。新的法律被认为是更广泛的新型以色列判例在私法领域，并严重影响了大陆的判例，拒绝普通法判例在这一领域
有趣的是，以色列议会通过的民法的传统领域中的监护不是复制品，而是原来的发展。以色列通过短期和原则类似的声明，以及家长式理由大陆法传统。但是，它拒绝了较少的限制性措施的监护和辅导。特别是，以色列的法律承认两种类型的案件中，法院可委任一名监护人超过成人。第一种类型代表仍然普通法的影响，允许法院指定监护人谁比成年人患有精神残疾或精神疾病，在这种情况下，监护人是充分和全面的意义上说，失去或病房她的合法权利在生活的所有领域。第二类反映了大陆法的影响，授权法院指定的监护人了个人和/或财产的一次调查结果是， “一个人是无法永久或暂时，照顾他的事务，全部或部分...."该规例功能性定义的法律行为能力的需求，一个医疗专家意见的一部分，要求任命一名监护人精神残疾或精神健康情况。在实践中，如医疗意见，还提供了功能丧失的能力情况下，这一现实使以色列的经验，类似的医疗模式的成人监护。

Answer 3

回答即可得2分，回在其成立以来，以色列法律普遍采用普通法适用于巴勒斯坦由英国委任统治之前的1948年。因此，该法包括传统的英式精神无能的监护制度。然而，在1962年，以色列议会，要求议会，颁布了一项新法律，完全覆盖领域的基本法律行为能力和监护。
新的法律被认为是更广泛的新型以色列判例在私法领域，并严重影响了大陆的判例，拒绝普通法判例在这一领域
有趣的是，以色列议会通过的民法的传统领域中的监护不是复制品，而是原来的发展。以色列通过短期和原则类似的声明，以及家长式理由大陆法传统。但是，它拒绝了较少的限制性措施的监护和辅导。
特别是，以色列的法律承认两种类型的案件中，法院可委任一名监护人超过成人。第一种类型代表仍然普通法的影响，允许法院指定监护人谁比成年人患有精神残疾或精神疾病，
在这种情况下，监护人是充分和全面的意义上说，沃德失去他或她的合法权利在生活的所有领域。第二类反映了大陆法的影响，授权法院指定的监护人了个人和/
或财产一旦找到了， “一个人是无法永久或暂时，照顾他的事务，全部或部分...."该规例功能性定义的法律行为能力的需求，一个医疗专家意见的一部分，要求任命一名监护人精神残疾或精神健康情况。在实践中，如医疗意见，还提供了功能丧失的能力情况下，这一现实使以色列的经验，类似的医疗模式的成人监护。

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