初中英语知识点梳理总结
初中英语有哪些比较重要的知识点呢?下面我为大家整理了初中英语知识点,希望能对大家有所帮助。
表示移动方向的介词
(1)to表示“向,往到”。如:
He will drive to Nanjing. 他将开车去南京。
(2)from表示“自,从,来自”。如:
Where are you from你是哪儿人
I am from Jiangsu Province.我是江苏人。
(3)up表示“向……上,往上”。如:
Mr. Smith used a lift to go up and down.史密斯先生乘电梯上下。
(4)down表示“向……下,沿着……往下”。如:
Go down the street then you’ll find the shop.沿着这条街走,你就会发现那个商店。
(5)round表示“环绕,围绕”如
The students are running round the playground.学生们正绕着操场跑步。
(6)across表示“横过,穿过,跨过”。如:
A boy walked across the park just now.一个男孩刚才穿过公园。
(7)through表示“通过,穿过(空间)”。如:
The river ran through the city.那条河从城中流过。
(8)over表示“越过,从……上边过去”。如:
There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。
零冠词的用法
1.人名、地名、国名等专有名词前通常不用冠词:
例:(1) Mary; Tom; Jim; Miss Li; Mr. Zhang; Lei Feng
(2)Beijing; Shanghai; London; Paris
(3)England; China; Germany; South Africa
2.称呼语前或表示官衔,职位、身份的名词前不加冠词;
例:(1)The guards took the American to General Lee.
(2)Lincoln, president of the United States, was murdered in 1864.
(3)In 1860, Lincoln became President of the United States.
3.当名词前有this/that等指示代词、my/your等物主代词和some/any等词时,不用任何冠词;
例:(1) This is my computer.(2) That book is their teacher’s.
4.年份、月份、星期、日期、季节、节日等名词前不用冠词:
例:in 1988 in August on Thursdayin springon August 8th
We go to school from Monday to Friday.
Children’s Day falls on the 1st June.
5.“一日三餐”等名词前不用冠词:
have breakfast (lunch, supper)
I have breakfast at 7 every day.
【注意】(1)前面有形容词修饰,需用不定冠词;
例:He had a big dinner today. 他今天吃了顿丰盛的晚餐。
(2)后面有定语修饰,需用定冠词:
例:The breakfast he had today was good. 他今天吃的早餐不错。
6.球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前不用冠词:
例:(1)play football (basketball/volleyball/tennis/ table tennis)
(2)play chess (card)
7.当“bike, car, bus, train, boat, ship, plane”等与“by”连用,表示一种交通手段时,不用冠词:by bus,by train;
例;(1)He goes to work by bike. 他骑车去上班。
(2)Did you come back by plane or by train 你坐飞机还是坐火车回来的
8.在某些固定搭配里,名词之前常不用冠词.
例:on foot; at home; at night; from morning till night, on time, in time, at first, at last等。
序数词主要形式
(1)从第一至第十二:
one—first
two—second
three—third
four-fourth
five—fifth
six—sixth
seven—seventh
eight—eighth
nine—ninth
ten—tenth
eleven—eleventh
twelve—twelfth
(2)从第二十至第九十九整数第几十的形式由其对应的基数词改变结尾字母y为ie,再加“th”构成。
twenty——twentieth
thirty——thirtieth
表示第几十几时,用几十的基数词形式加上连字符“-”和个位序数词形式一起表示。
thirty-first第三十一
fifty-sixth第五十六
seventy-third第七十三
ninety-ninth第九十九
第一百以上的多位序数词
由基数词的形式变结尾部分为序数词形式来表示。
one hundred and twenty-first第一百二十一
one thousand,three hundred and twentieth第一千三百二十
形容词的比较级
①用于两者比较,表示"比…更…":
"A+系动词+形容词比较级+than+B,e.g. I am two years older than my little sister.
"A+谓语动词+副词比较级+than+B:e.g. She gets to school earlier than the other students.
②"比较级+and+比较级",这种结构表示事物本身程度的逐渐增长,意为"越来越…"。
e.g.In spring the days are getting longer and longer.
③"the+比较级…the+比较级",表示一方的程度随着另一方的程度的增长而增长,表示"越…,越…"。
e.g.The mort you practice using English,the better you'll learn it 你英语练得越多,就会学得越好。
④"A十动词十the+比较级+of短语(比较范围)",这种结构表示"两者中更……的那一个"。当比较双方只出现一方(没有than及其后面的部分),且句中含有of the two……时,比较级前要加the.
e.g.Penny is the taller of the two girls.
The larger of the two houses belongs to Mr. Black.
⑤表示两者程度不同的其他方式:
可用more than(多于……), not more than(不多于……), less than(少于……), not less than(不少于……), less+形容词+ than(不如……)等。
We haven't got more than one hour left right now.
It is less cold today than it was yesterday.
⑥"not+比较级 +than"与"no+比较级+than"这两个结构表达的意思完全不同:
前者往往表示"一方不比另一方……",后者往往表示"前者和后者一样都不…";
修饰说明数量时,前者表示"最多,不比……多",后者表示"仅仅",带有感情色彩。
I am not taller than you. 我不比你高。
I am no taller than you. 我和你一样高。