but在虚拟语气中的用法:
1、but的基本意思相当于in spite of this或表示与所预料的不一样,意为“但是,然而,尽管如此”,不与though,although连用。
2、but可用来表达诸如愤怒、吃惊等强烈的感情,用来加强语气,也可用在表示歉意的句子里,常不译出,还可用于改变话题,意为“无论如何”“反正”“好”。
3、如果but接动词不定式,当前面有do或cannot时,不定式不带to; 当前面有anything, everything, nothing等词时,不定式常不带to,但也有例外; 其余情况带to。
4、与but连用的too...to do结构不具有否定意义。
5、如果主句含有hardly,never,never so,not so,not such等词,可用but,but that或but what引导表示结果的状语从句,构成双重否定,相当于that...not或unless,译作“没有…不”“若…,就一定”。
6、如果but that引出的分句描述的是真实情况,而主句描述的是非真实的情况,则主句多用虚拟语气,此时译作“假如没有…”“要不是”
7、not but that...是it is not but that的省略法, but无否定意义,译作“虽然…可是…”。
8、在not...but...结构里,可以不借助do(does)来否定动词,而否定其他成分,译作“不是…而是”。
9、not that...but that...相当于not because...but because...,译作“不是…而是…”。
10、否定词+doubt(或deny, question等)+but that中的but that相当于that, but无否定意义,常可省略。
扩展资料
近义词:however
however读音:英 [haʊ'evə(r)] 美 [haʊ'evər]
释义:
1、adv. 然而;无论如何;不管多么
2、conj. 不管怎样
语法:
1、however 通常引导一个让步状语从句,从句中的形容词或副词必须紧接其后。however多插在句中,有时也放在句首或句尾,但都应紧跟在进行对比的词或短语之后,用逗号将其与其他词分开。however是how的强调形式,通常含有惊讶、质问、气恼或感叹等意味。however可与but连用。
2、however后可直接加形容词/副词,再加主语,加谓语动词。在该结构句中,however表示“无论……,不管……”。
He would put on weight, but he doesn't eat much. (与现在事实相反)
He would have put on weight, but he didn't eat much. (与过去事实相反)
(or, or else, otherwise)
I forget where I read the article, or I would show it to you now. (与现在事实相反)
Mary couldn't have received my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. (与过去事实相反)