哪些介词加 which可以引导非限定性定语从句?
所有搭配合理的都可以,包括in, on, at, about, of, over, around, beyond, between, from, to, into, out of, outside, inside, onto, by, among, with, under, above,through。
一、非限制性定语从句.介词的使用方法
在定语从句中,一般有两种情况会在关系代词前出现介词:
1、与先行词有关的介词可以放到关系代词前,如:
I won't forget the days in which we worked together.(因为in the days,所以 in which)
2、与定语从句中的谓语动词相关的介词会放到关系代词前,如:
The boy about whom they often talk is very kind.(因为talk about,所以about whom )
注:第二种情况是完全可以将介词放到原有的位置(定语从句的谓语动词后),这时关系的范围就大了很多,如The boy whom/who/that/不填 they often talk about is very kind.
如果介词在关系代词前,关系代词要么是which(先行词是物),要么是whom(先行词是人).
二、as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
区别:
1)as可指其前后主句提到的事实或情况,因此引导的非限制性从句位置比较灵活,which可以放在主句前后,也可插入主句之中;而which引导的非限制性从句只能位于主句之后:
As is known to all, fish can’t live without water.
Air, as we know, is gas.
2)在非限制性从句中,which后的be动词不可省;as而后的be动词可以省略:
She told me she won the match , which was a lie. The material is elastic, as (was) shown in the figure.
3) which在非限制性定语从句做主语时可用各类动词做谓语;而在非限制性定语从句做主语时,谓语常用连系动词,如be, seem, become等,一般不用其他行为动词:
He saw the girl, which delighted him.
He didn’t say anything at the meeting , as/which seemed very strange.
4) 如果主句中叙述的事情与从句所涉及的意向一致,多用as,用以对主句的意义进行补充;如果不一致,就用which:
She has married again, as was expected.
He broke the rules again, which was unexpected.
我之所以用限制性定语从句,是因为你面对的多个同类人或事物,为了要挑选出你想说的那个,你就通过设立某些限制性条件,这个限制性条件就是限制性定语从句,如:
你面前有三位同学,你要挑选一位出来:
The student who is wearing a read skirt 穿红裙子的那位学生。
你有很多书,你要挑选一本出来:
the book which I bought yesterday.
其实,为了达到挑选的目的,形容词、介词短语都可以做限制性定语,但它们不是从句,而是短语,如:
the house by the lake湖边上的那幢房子(不是别的)
the student in a red skirt穿红裙子的那位学生(不是别的)。
2. 再来看非限制性定语从句。
当你面前只有一个人或是事物,或者当世界上唯有这么一个人或事物时,你就无需挑选了。但是,你也可以用一个句子对这个人或事物进行一些描述或补充说明,这个句子就是非限制性定语从句,如:你只有一个爸爸,你用一个定语从句时,不是为了从几个爸爸中挑选一个,而只是去描述他或补充一些关于他的信息。
非限制性定语从句的一个标志是,从句前后要用逗号隔开。
My father, who teaches in a university, often helps me with my english homework.
Shanghai, which is the biggest and most populated city in China, has been developing very fast since 1980.
'
3. 再来看"介词+which"
介词有两种情况,一是与前面被修饰的名词有关,一是与从句中的动词构成动词短语,如:
Shanghai, in which I have lived for 20 years, is the biggest and most populated city in China. (live in)
Shanghai, in which there are more than 20 million people, is the biggest......(in Shanghai)
Money, on which everyone depends, can be a root of evils. (depend on)
Money, with which we can buy what we want, can be a root of evils. (with money)
4. 哪些介词可以加which?
答:所有搭配合理的都可以,包括in, on, at, about, of, over, around, beyond, between, from, to, into, out of, outside, inside, onto, by, among, with, under, above,through