新概念英语第一册Lesson37~42语法及单词解析
新概念英语第一册Lesson37~38语法及单词解析
语法 Grammar in use
将来时 be going to
(1)将来时be going to的形式由am/is/are going to +动词原形构成。
(2)将来时be going to的用法
A表示"打算"、"准备"在最近做某事。(在非正式语体中,一般多用be going to,而不用will。)
I am going to put it on the floor.
我打算把它放在地板上。
He is going to paint the bookcase tomorrow.
他准备明天给书架刷漆。
B表示按计划、安排要发生的事:
The meeting is going to begin at nine.
会议将在9点开始。
Where are you going to build the road?
你们将在什么地方筑路?
C表示预言一件事即将发生:
The meeting is going to begin at nine.
会议将在9点开始。
It's going to rain!
天要下雨了!
She's going to faint!
她要晕倒了!
(3)be going to的疑问式与否定式
将助动词be提至句首可将陈述句变为一般疑问句。如:
George is going to paint it pink.
乔治打算把它刷成粉红色。
Is George going to paint it pink?
乔治打算把它刷成粉红色吗?
在助动词后面加上not可以得到否定句。如上句可变为:
George is not going to point it pink.
乔治不打算把它刷成粉红色。
词汇学习 Word study
1.paint
(1)v.上漆,涂:
What colour is George going to paint it?
乔治准备把它漆成什么颜色的?
(2)v.(用颜料)画:
Who painted this picture?
这幅画是谁画的?
(3)v.描写;描绘:
His novel paints a peaceful picture of the country life in Europe.
他的小说描绘了有关欧洲乡村生活的宁静画面。
(4)n.油漆;涂料;颜料:
Wet Paint!
油漆未干!
I bought a box of paints.
我买了一盒颜料。
2.work
(1)v.工作;劳动:
He works 45 hours per week.
他每周工作45个小时。
(2)v.从事职业:
He works as a bank clerk.
他是一名银行职员。
(3)v.学习;做作业:
If you work hard, you'll pass your exams.
如果你用功的话,你就会考试通过。
(4)n. 工作;劳动;作业;职业:
He wants to have a good sleep after a day's work.
在一天的工作之后,他想好好睡上一觉。
The students finished all their work in class.
学生们当堂把全部作业都完成了。
He is without work.
他失业了。
新概念英语第一册Lesson39~40语法及单词解析
语法 Grammar in use
祈使句的否定缩略式
形式为Don't(或Do not)+动词原形,如:
Don't wait!
别等了!
Don't speak to me like that!
别那样跟我讲话!
使用祈使句时,重音、语调、手势和面部表情,尤其是情境和上下文,都说明这种形式用于表示是否友好、不客气、愤怒、不耐烦、有说服性等。一般而言,祈使句的否定式通常用Don't来表示,完整形式Do not主要用于正式文告中。
词汇学习 Word study
1.drop v.
(1)(失手)落下;掉下;放下:
Be careful! Don't drop it.
小心!别摔了。
She dropped her knife and fork and hurried to answer the phone.
她放下刀叉赶紧去接电话。
(2)(使)滴下;滴水:
Tears dropped from her face.
泪珠从她的脸上滑落。
(3)(使)下降;降低:
He dropped his voice.
他把声音放低了些。
Yesterday the temperature dropped to 8℃ below zero.
昨天气温下降到了摄氏零下8度。
2.send v.
(1)送给;寄:
She is going to send a letter to her sister.
她准备给她的姐姐寄封信。
I'll send him a present.
我将给他送去一件礼物。
(2)差遣;命(或请)……去:
He sent his secretary for a doctor.
他派他的秘书去请医生了。
Her mother often sends her to the store for some groceries.
她母亲经常差遣她去商店买些杂货。
新概念英语第一册Lesson41~42语法及单词解析
语法 Grammar in use
there+be结构
当there+be后跟单数名词或不可数名词时,动词be的一般现在时形式为is;当后面跟复数名词时,动词用are。如果后跟几个并列名词,而第一个名词是单数,动词仍用is。there+be后面的名词是句子的主语。如:
There is a hammer on the bookcase.
书箱上有个鎯头。(单数名词)
There is some tea in the cup.
杯子里有些茶水。(不可数名词)
There are three bottles of milk on the table.
桌子上有3瓶牛奶。(不可数名词,用复数量词修饰)
There is a pen, two books and a knife on the desk.
课桌上有一枝钢笔、两本书和一把小刀。(第一个并列名词是单数)
也请参见第19-20课_Tired and thirsty以及第27-28课_Mrs Smith's living room语法部分。
词汇学习 Word study
1.bar n.
(1)条;块:
He has just had a chocolate bar.
他刚刚吃了一块巧克力。
(2)(门、窗的)闩;杆:
He is now behind bars.
他现在被关在监狱里。(bar指窗上装有铁栅栏,behind bars是一种非正式固定用语,意为in prison,关在监狱里。)
(3)酒吧(间):
The bar is very crowded.
酒吧里人很拥挤。
2.pound n.
(1)磅;常衡磅(分成16盎司,等于0.4536千克,略作1b.);金衡磅(分成12盎司,等于0.3732千克,略作1b. t.):
It weighs 15 pounds.
它的重量为15磅。
Give me a pound of sugar, please.
请给我1磅糖。
(2)英镑(英国货币单位,简写为£,全称为pound sterling):
The shirt costs me £ 20.
买这件衬衣花了我20镑。
Half a pound of coffee costs one pound.
半磅咖啡的价格是一英镑。