Question

关于持续性动词和短暂性动词的区别

请说一下持续性动词和短暂性动词的区别,然后顺便说几个常见的持续性动词和短暂性动词.

非常感谢

Answer 1

根据动词所表示的动作能否延缓,分为延续性动词和终止性动词.
可以表示持续的行为或状态的动词, 叫做"延续性动词", 也叫"持续性动词", be, keep, 如: have, like, study, live
有的表示短暂,瞬间性的动词,叫做"终止性动词",也可叫"短暂性动词",或"瞬间性动词", 如 die, join, leave, become, return, reach
终止性动词构成的现在完成时,只表示动作发生的因果关系,不能表示动作的延续，不可以用表示一段时间的状语(如:since 和 for 引导的短语)来修饰。如可以说:
The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area.
但不可说:
The Red Cross has already started for the earthquake-stricken area for three days.
因为 start 是终止性动词, 它所表示的动作短促, 当红十字会出发时,start 这个动作便结束了, 不可能延续两天.
解决这对矛盾的四种方法.
1. 用 ago 时间状语短语来代替 since 或 for 引导的时间状语: eg. Mr. Richard has returned from America for two years. (wrong) Mr. Richard has returned from America since two years ago. (wrong) 应改为: He returned from America two years ago.
2.用 It is… since…复合句代替简单句 eg. It has been/is two years since Mr. Richard returned from America. 注意:以上两种办法适用于所有终止性动词.
3.用相应的形容词和副词代替终止性动词. eg. Mr. Richard has been back from America for two years.
4.用延缓性动词代替终止性动词. eg. He has gone to the Internet for six hours. (wrong) 应改为:He has been on the Internet for six hours.

但须注意: 终止性动词的否定式可以和 since 或 for 引导的时间状语连用. 因为终止性动词 的否定表示的是一种可以延续的状态.
eg. I have heard from my friend in Africa for half a year. (wrong)
I haven't heard from my friend in Africa for half a year.. (right)

终止性动词与延缓性动词的含义:
1. 在连词 since 引导的时间状语从句中, 用终止性动词的过去时或用延缓性动词过去时, 其含义是大不相同的.
A. since 所引导的时间状语从句中,如果句子谓语是终止性动词的过去时, 则从句表示的 时间是从"那一时刻开始". eg. He has studied very hard since he came to our school. 自从他来校以来,一贯努力学习.
B. 在 since 所引导的时间状语从句中,其谓语是延缓性动词的过去时,那么从句所表示的 时间是从延缓性动词所表示的动作结束时算起. eg. I haven't heard any noise since I slept. 自从我醒后,没听见任何声音.
2. 介词 for 引导的时间状语,在翻译时有两种不同的情况:
A.介词 for 引导的时间状语和延缓性动词的现在完成时的否定式连用时,有两种不同的含 义. eg. He has not lived there for six months. 他不住在那儿已六个月了.(或: 他住在那儿还不到六个月.)
B.介词 for 引导的时间状语和终止性动词的现在完成时的否定式连用,只有一种含义. eg. Mary has not left here for six months. 玛丽已六个月没有离开过这儿了. 句中含有 till 或 until 引导的短语或从句,从句中的谓语动词可以是延续性的,也可以是终 止性的,但要注意两种情况: 1. 如果主句中动词是延续性的动词,动词肯定或否定都可以,只是含义不同. eg. He listened to the radio until his father came back. 他听无线电一直到他父亲回来为止. eg. He didn't listen to the radio until his father came back.. 直到他父亲回来,他才听无线电. 2. 如果主句中的谓语动词是终止性动词,则只能用否定式. eg. Mr. Smith didn't marry until he was forty- five. (right) 史密斯先生到四十五岁才结婚. Mr. Smith married until he was forty-five. (wrong)