Question

请给出解析过程

Enghelab Square lies at the heart of Tehran’s urban and revolutionary landscape, just meters away from the gates of Tehran University. The site of some of the most pitched battles（激战） of the 1979 revolution, the square today bustles as an open-air market of goods. There, among the booksellers and fruit vendors, visitors can buy bootleg DVDs, banned books, drugs and alcohol and, if need be, an entire master’s thesis — written from scratch and prepared for oral defense, in less than a month.
The illicit（非法的） buying and selling of advanced degrees is the logical, if unhappy, consequence of the commodification of education in post-revolutionary Iran. Fueled by an insatiable mania for credentials by employers and ordinary Iranians alike, students who pay others to write their research are not unlike their peers who purchase their degrees in installments from private and public universities. They do so in order to survive in the country’s cutthroat labor and marriage markets where possession of a credential is the principle criterion of success.
More interested in “getting the paper” than bearing witness to political Islam, ordinary Iranians have appropriated the university system for themselves, transforming an ideological apparatus designed to produce Islamic citizens into a transactional relationship between the pedagogical state and its population.
Although Iran’s 4.5 million university students comprise only 5 percent of the country’s overall population, gross enrollment rates（毛入学率） show that more than half of people ages 18 to 24 are enrolled in some form of higher education, well on pace to reach the official goal of 60 percent by 2025. Of these, around 85 percent will pay out-of-pocket for their education, whether enrolling in night school, participating in Iran’s open university system (Payam-e Noor) or attending one of the nearly 400 local campuses of Islamic Azad University, billed as one of world’s largest university systems with a reported $200 billion in assets. All told, Iranian parents annually spend more than $3 billion to put their children’s through college.
29. What is the meaning of the underlined phrase “from scratch”?
A. From the beginning B. Right away
C. All year round D. Casually
30. Why do students pay others to write their research?
A. They don’t want to pay by installment B. To destroy the marriage system
C. To make a living in hard environment D. To show up their credentials
31. What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A. The official goal is out of the question
B. Parents pay much attention to their children’s education
C. Gross enrollment rates show that government didn’t do any help
D. Iran has a population of about 4.5 5 billion.

Answer 1

你看全文翻译就知道了。

革命广场位于德黑兰的城市景观和革命的心，

远离德黑兰大学门口几米。

一些最激烈的战斗现场（激战）的1979次革命，

广场今天忙碌作为商品的一个露天市场。