Question

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The designer of an embankment dam estimates the magnitude of seepage expected from the dam and designs a drainage system to collect and remove this seepage safely from the dam to minimize the potential for erosion of dam materials or saturation of the downstream slope. Seepage monitoring weirs or flumes are installed to measure the quantity of the seepage and to examine the clarity of the water. Plots of seepage quantity over time for each weir enable a review of any adverse trends if they should develop. Again, as for other behaviors, there is no value or range of values of seepage quantity that can be considered as acceptable, except on a case by case basis. If the dam designer predicts a seepage quantity from the dam under full reservoir head and that quantity is exceeded prior to the reservoir reaching that elevation, or if seepage became cloudy, these situations would require immediate attention and careful evaluation.
In some embankment dams, inclinometer casings are installed to measure changes in lateral deflection of the embankment or its foundation under normal as well as earthquake loading conditions at a variety of locations and depths. Actual magnitudes of movement will vary with the size of the dam and the loading conditions and can also not be quantified for all dams. Accelerated rates of movement at specific zones within the casing depth may be indicative of the development of an impending stability failure surface.

Answer 1

设计者对路基坝的渗流预计震级估计大坝排水系统,设计了一个收集和消除这种渗流大坝安全的减少可能侵蚀的大坝下游材料和饱和度。渗流监测堰槽进行测量或安装的数量,并探讨了渗流的水。随着时间的推移,情节的渗漏损失量每个堰使回顾任何不利的趋势,如果他们要发展。再次,至于其他的行为,就没有价值或范围的数值的渗流量,可被认为是可接受的,除个别情况。如果堤坝设计师预测大坝渗流量下,充分水库头数量超过了前到达,海拔、水库渗漏变得混浊,如果这些情况需要立即注意和谨慎的评估。
在一些土石坝,inclinometer外罩安装来衡量指标的变化或基础在正常路基地震加载条件以及在各种各样的地点和深度。实际的运动变化的大小与大坝和加载条件下,也不能量化为所有的水坝。加速率的运动在特定区域内可反映套管深度的发展日益临近的稳定性失败的表面。