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Chinese culture (simplified Chinese: 中国文化; traditional Chinese: 中国文化; pinyin: Zhōngguó wénhuà) is one of the world's oldest cultures.[1][2] The area in which the culture is dominant covers a large geographical region in eastern Asia with customs and traditions varying greatly between provinces, cities, and even towns as well. Important components of Chinese culture includes ceramics, architecture, music,literature, martial arts, cuisine, visual arts, and religion.
There are 56 officially recognized ethnic groups in China. In terms of numbers however, Han Chinese is by far the largest group.[3] Throughout history, many groups have merged into neighboring ethnicities or disappeared. At the same time, many within the Han identity have maintained distinct linguistic and regional cultural traditions. The term Zhonghua Minzu has been used to describe the notion of Chinese nationalism in general.[citation needed] Much of the traditional identity within the community has to do with distinguishing the family name.
--------------------------------
Chinese culture--- Traditional Chinese Medicine
Traditional Chinese Medicine is the study of human physiology, pathology and disease diagnosis and the prevention and control of such a discipline. It is carrying the ancient Chinese people's struggle against disease experience and theoretical knowledge, is the ancient naive materialism and spontaneous dialectics thought guidance, through the long-term medical practice gradually formed and developed into the system of medical theory. On the research methods, taking the view similar view as its principal theory, the viscera and channels as its physiological and pathological basis, and treatment based on syndrome differentiation as its diagnostic and therapeutic basis, with simple system theory, cybernetics, fractal theory and information theory content.
Traditional Chinese medicine generally refers to is given priority to with han Chinese working people created by traditional Chinese medicine medicine, so also known as han. Other Chinese traditional medicine, such as the Tibetan, Mongolian, miao, and so on are referred to as a folk medicine.
Chinese prescription medicine in Japan, South Korea's Korean medicine, north Korea said the Korean medicine, Vietnam's east medicine is developed on the basis of traditional Chinese medicine, in today's world of medical system, TCM is classified as one of the alternative medicine.
In TCM based on the theory of the five elements of Yin and Yang, the human body as a gas, shape and the unity of god, through the inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, and pulse-taking and palpation, four diagnostic parameter method, to explore the cause, illness, disease, analysis of pathogenesis and insides, main and collateral channels inside human body joint, the change of qi-blood and judgment are ebb and flow, disease are obtained, and summarized his type, principle of treatment based on syndrome differentiation, to develop "sweat, vomit, down, and, temperature, cleaning, repair," treatment, such as use of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, massage, massage, per cutem, qigong, diet and other treatment, make human body rehabilitation at the Yin and Yang to reconcile. The positive side of Chinese medicine therapy is hope can help to restore a balance of Yin and Yang of the human body, and the downside is hope when must use drugs to slow the deterioration of disease, can both life and the quality of life. In addition, the ultimate goal of traditional Chinese medicine and to heal, is to help human beings to achieve further as in huangdi neijing model proposed four characters, namely, reality, to people, saints and sages of the realm.
Traditional Chinese medicine thinking mode is not compatible with the modern science from Europe, however, many of today's scientific journals have thesis research, and try to use some phenomenon in the basis of an analysis of the modern medicine of traditional Chinese medicine and treatment mechanism.
----------------
China’s ancient civilization is one of the few civilizations
with independent origins, and the only unbroken civilization in human history.
Chinese culture, born alongside the development of the civilization, has been
prosperous all the time.
Calligraphy and Painting Chinese characters evolved from pictures and
signs, and the Chinese art of calligraphy developed naturally from its unique
writing system. The beauty of Chinese calligraphy lies in the fact that the
calligrapher is able to create varied, ever-lasting artistic styles by just
writing characters on paper with a brush and Chinese ink. Through the ages,
great calligraphers developed representative calligraphic styles of their times.
The love of calligraphy is deeply ingrained in Chinese scholars, and has been
handed down to the present day. The Chinese Calligraphers’ Association and local
calligraphers’ associations at all levels frequently hold exhibitions.
Different from Western painting, traditional Chinese painting is
characterized by unique forms of expression. The roots of Chinese painting can
be traced back to paintings on Neolithic pottery. Since similar tools and lines
were used for the earliest painting and writing, painting is said to have the
same origin as calligraphy. Thus, Chinese paintings usually bear poetry or
calligraphy so that the three are often integrated, giving people a keener
aesthetic enjoyment. Many ancient Chinese paintings were executed on walls or
decorative screens. Today, murals can be found in the tombs of the Han, Tang and
other dynasties. In addition, figure, landscape, and flower-and-bird paintings —
important traditional Chinese painting genres — of the dynastic past are still
highly valued today.
Contemporary Chinese painting world is very active. The China Art Gallery and
other art galleries hold individual or joint art exhibitions year in year out.
Also, exhibitions of traditional Chinese paintings have been held in Japan, the
Republic of Korea, the U.S., Canada, and Europe. Chinese artists have also made
great progress in Western-style painting, such as oil painting, woodcut and
watercolor. Many Chinese painters have created works that combine traditional
Chinese painting techniques with those of the West, adding splendor to both
forms.
Arts and Crafts China boasts a wide variety of arts and crafts
renowned for their exquisite workmanship. They can be classified into special
and folk types.
Special arts and crafts use precious or special materials, and undergo
elaborate designing and processing. They are elegant and expensive. Jade carving
takes into consideration the natural lines, lusters and colors of jade.
Craftsmen ingeniously integrate the colors with the shapes of the art works,
fully displaying the glory of nature. Cloisonné is a kind of handicraft well
known at home and abroad. The blue glaze produced during the Jingtai reign
period of the Ming Dynasty Emperor Daizong is considered the best. Created by
mounting copper strips on and plating the surface of a copper roughcast with
gold and silver, it looks resplendent and magnificent. The products include
bottles, bowls, and cups used as prizes.
Originated from remote past, Chinese folk arts are marked by strong local
flavors and national styles. In technique, Chinese folk arts fall into the
categories of cutting, bundling, plaiting, knitting, embroidering, carving,
molding and painting.
Peking Opera and Local Operas China boasts more than 300 forms of
traditional opera, of which Peking Opera is the most popular. Peking opera was
evolved from the Kunqu Opera, an even more ancient art of drama. The latter was
listed among the first batch of mankind’s representative works of oral and
nonmaterial heritage by the UNESCO in May 2001. Peking Opera as a unique art
combining singing, music, chanting, dancing and martial arts into one, took
shape in the early 19th century in Beijing. In the over 200 years of performance
practice, Peking Opera has developed characteristic types of meter in music and
stylized movements of performers, as well as more than 1,000 routines in the
repertoire. Succeeding a group of outstanding Peking Opera actors and actresses,
including Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Ma Lianliang, Zhou Xinfang and Du Jinfang,
young artists are constantly breathing new life into Peking Opera. The emergence
of young actors and actresses with beautiful, elegant stage appearances, such as
Wang Rongrong and Yu Kuizhi, since the 1990s has demonstrated that Peking Opera
has qualified successors.
Local operas have made continuous reforms on the basis of keeping their basic
traditions. Popular local operas include Yueju (Shaoxing Opera from Zhejiang),
Huangmeixi (from Anhui), Chuanju (Sichuan Opera), Yuju (Henan Opera), and Yueju
(Guangdong Opera). Tibetan Opera has a religious tinge and is imbued with
Tibetan ethnic folklore. It is bold and unconstrained, and is becoming more and
more popular both at home and abroad.
In addition, modern drama introduced from foreign countries has been
developed considerably over the past few decades. Teahouse, created and
performed by the Beijing People’s Art Theater, has become the representative
work of the Chinese modern drama, arousing wide attention both at home and
abroad.
There are 56 officially recognized ethnic groups in China. In terms of numbers however, Han Chinese is by far the largest group.[3] Throughout history, many groups have merged into neighboring ethnicities or disappeared. At the same time, many within the Han identity have maintained distinct linguistic and regional cultural traditions. The term Zhonghua Minzu has been used to describe the notion of Chinese nationalism in general.[citation needed] Much of the traditional identity within the community has to do with distinguishing the family name.
--------------------------------
Chinese culture--- Traditional Chinese Medicine
Traditional Chinese Medicine is the study of human physiology, pathology and disease diagnosis and the prevention and control of such a discipline. It is carrying the ancient Chinese people's struggle against disease experience and theoretical knowledge, is the ancient naive materialism and spontaneous dialectics thought guidance, through the long-term medical practice gradually formed and developed into the system of medical theory. On the research methods, taking the view similar view as its principal theory, the viscera and channels as its physiological and pathological basis, and treatment based on syndrome differentiation as its diagnostic and therapeutic basis, with simple system theory, cybernetics, fractal theory and information theory content.
Traditional Chinese medicine generally refers to is given priority to with han Chinese working people created by traditional Chinese medicine medicine, so also known as han. Other Chinese traditional medicine, such as the Tibetan, Mongolian, miao, and so on are referred to as a folk medicine.
Chinese prescription medicine in Japan, South Korea's Korean medicine, north Korea said the Korean medicine, Vietnam's east medicine is developed on the basis of traditional Chinese medicine, in today's world of medical system, TCM is classified as one of the alternative medicine.
In TCM based on the theory of the five elements of Yin and Yang, the human body as a gas, shape and the unity of god, through the inspection, auscultation and olfaction, inquiry, and pulse-taking and palpation, four diagnostic parameter method, to explore the cause, illness, disease, analysis of pathogenesis and insides, main and collateral channels inside human body joint, the change of qi-blood and judgment are ebb and flow, disease are obtained, and summarized his type, principle of treatment based on syndrome differentiation, to develop "sweat, vomit, down, and, temperature, cleaning, repair," treatment, such as use of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, massage, massage, per cutem, qigong, diet and other treatment, make human body rehabilitation at the Yin and Yang to reconcile. The positive side of Chinese medicine therapy is hope can help to restore a balance of Yin and Yang of the human body, and the downside is hope when must use drugs to slow the deterioration of disease, can both life and the quality of life. In addition, the ultimate goal of traditional Chinese medicine and to heal, is to help human beings to achieve further as in huangdi neijing model proposed four characters, namely, reality, to people, saints and sages of the realm.
Traditional Chinese medicine thinking mode is not compatible with the modern science from Europe, however, many of today's scientific journals have thesis research, and try to use some phenomenon in the basis of an analysis of the modern medicine of traditional Chinese medicine and treatment mechanism.
----------------
China’s ancient civilization is one of the few civilizations
with independent origins, and the only unbroken civilization in human history.
Chinese culture, born alongside the development of the civilization, has been
prosperous all the time.
Calligraphy and Painting Chinese characters evolved from pictures and
signs, and the Chinese art of calligraphy developed naturally from its unique
writing system. The beauty of Chinese calligraphy lies in the fact that the
calligrapher is able to create varied, ever-lasting artistic styles by just
writing characters on paper with a brush and Chinese ink. Through the ages,
great calligraphers developed representative calligraphic styles of their times.
The love of calligraphy is deeply ingrained in Chinese scholars, and has been
handed down to the present day. The Chinese Calligraphers’ Association and local
calligraphers’ associations at all levels frequently hold exhibitions.
Different from Western painting, traditional Chinese painting is
characterized by unique forms of expression. The roots of Chinese painting can
be traced back to paintings on Neolithic pottery. Since similar tools and lines
were used for the earliest painting and writing, painting is said to have the
same origin as calligraphy. Thus, Chinese paintings usually bear poetry or
calligraphy so that the three are often integrated, giving people a keener
aesthetic enjoyment. Many ancient Chinese paintings were executed on walls or
decorative screens. Today, murals can be found in the tombs of the Han, Tang and
other dynasties. In addition, figure, landscape, and flower-and-bird paintings —
important traditional Chinese painting genres — of the dynastic past are still
highly valued today.
Contemporary Chinese painting world is very active. The China Art Gallery and
other art galleries hold individual or joint art exhibitions year in year out.
Also, exhibitions of traditional Chinese paintings have been held in Japan, the
Republic of Korea, the U.S., Canada, and Europe. Chinese artists have also made
great progress in Western-style painting, such as oil painting, woodcut and
watercolor. Many Chinese painters have created works that combine traditional
Chinese painting techniques with those of the West, adding splendor to both
forms.
Arts and Crafts China boasts a wide variety of arts and crafts
renowned for their exquisite workmanship. They can be classified into special
and folk types.
Special arts and crafts use precious or special materials, and undergo
elaborate designing and processing. They are elegant and expensive. Jade carving
takes into consideration the natural lines, lusters and colors of jade.
Craftsmen ingeniously integrate the colors with the shapes of the art works,
fully displaying the glory of nature. Cloisonné is a kind of handicraft well
known at home and abroad. The blue glaze produced during the Jingtai reign
period of the Ming Dynasty Emperor Daizong is considered the best. Created by
mounting copper strips on and plating the surface of a copper roughcast with
gold and silver, it looks resplendent and magnificent. The products include
bottles, bowls, and cups used as prizes.
Originated from remote past, Chinese folk arts are marked by strong local
flavors and national styles. In technique, Chinese folk arts fall into the
categories of cutting, bundling, plaiting, knitting, embroidering, carving,
molding and painting.
Peking Opera and Local Operas China boasts more than 300 forms of
traditional opera, of which Peking Opera is the most popular. Peking opera was
evolved from the Kunqu Opera, an even more ancient art of drama. The latter was
listed among the first batch of mankind’s representative works of oral and
nonmaterial heritage by the UNESCO in May 2001. Peking Opera as a unique art
combining singing, music, chanting, dancing and martial arts into one, took
shape in the early 19th century in Beijing. In the over 200 years of performance
practice, Peking Opera has developed characteristic types of meter in music and
stylized movements of performers, as well as more than 1,000 routines in the
repertoire. Succeeding a group of outstanding Peking Opera actors and actresses,
including Mei Lanfang, Cheng Yanqiu, Ma Lianliang, Zhou Xinfang and Du Jinfang,
young artists are constantly breathing new life into Peking Opera. The emergence
of young actors and actresses with beautiful, elegant stage appearances, such as
Wang Rongrong and Yu Kuizhi, since the 1990s has demonstrated that Peking Opera
has qualified successors.
Local operas have made continuous reforms on the basis of keeping their basic
traditions. Popular local operas include Yueju (Shaoxing Opera from Zhejiang),
Huangmeixi (from Anhui), Chuanju (Sichuan Opera), Yuju (Henan Opera), and Yueju
(Guangdong Opera). Tibetan Opera has a religious tinge and is imbued with
Tibetan ethnic folklore. It is bold and unconstrained, and is becoming more and
more popular both at home and abroad.
In addition, modern drama introduced from foreign countries has been
developed considerably over the past few decades. Teahouse, created and
performed by the Beijing People’s Art Theater, has become the representative
work of the Chinese modern drama, arousing wide attention both at home and
abroad.
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