在“疑问词+不定式”的结构中,不定式的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语吗?什么情况下存在例外呢? 10
2个回答
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动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词 what,which, who..., 疑问副词 how, when, where, why...,以及表示疑问意思的连词 whether等,构成带疑问词的不定式短语。这种结构起名词作用, 在句子中多用作宾语、主语、表语等。单独使用时相当于一个疑问句。要注意的是why 后面的不定式不带to 。
1. 用作宾语。带疑问词不定式短语作宾语的动词主要有decide, explain, forget, know, learn, show, teach, tell以及介词on等。带疑问词不定式短语的句子中,其逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语。如:
Their views on how to teach students are different. 他们有关如何教育学生的观点不同。
Mary can't decide whether to go or stay at home. 玛丽难以决定是去还是留在家里。
2. 用作主语。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语时,谓语用单数。不定式的逻辑主语是说话人或大家。如:
How to learn English is very important. 怎样学英语很重要。
When to go there is not known yet. 什么时候去那里还不知道。
3. 用作表语。 带疑问词的不定式短语作表语, 常用说明主语的具体内容。如:
The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。
What I want to know is who to blame. 我想知道的是该责备谁。
4. 单独使用。 带疑问词的不定式短语单独使用时, 其逻辑主语也是说话人或大家。如:
What to do next? ( = What should we / they do next?)下一步该做什么?
Why not buy some English tapes?( = Why don't we / you buy some English tapes? )为什么不买些英语磁带呢?
摘自 英语辅导报
1. 用作宾语。带疑问词不定式短语作宾语的动词主要有decide, explain, forget, know, learn, show, teach, tell以及介词on等。带疑问词不定式短语的句子中,其逻辑主语是句子的主语或宾语。如:
Their views on how to teach students are different. 他们有关如何教育学生的观点不同。
Mary can't decide whether to go or stay at home. 玛丽难以决定是去还是留在家里。
2. 用作主语。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语时,谓语用单数。不定式的逻辑主语是说话人或大家。如:
How to learn English is very important. 怎样学英语很重要。
When to go there is not known yet. 什么时候去那里还不知道。
3. 用作表语。 带疑问词的不定式短语作表语, 常用说明主语的具体内容。如:
The question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。
What I want to know is who to blame. 我想知道的是该责备谁。
4. 单独使用。 带疑问词的不定式短语单独使用时, 其逻辑主语也是说话人或大家。如:
What to do next? ( = What should we / they do next?)下一步该做什么?
Why not buy some English tapes?( = Why don't we / you buy some English tapes? )为什么不买些英语磁带呢?
摘自 英语辅导报
追问
您好,方便正面回答一下提问吗?感觉您的例句中不定式的逻辑主语看错是主语基本上都没有问题。所以不定式的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语吗?什么情况下存在例外呢?谢谢哈
追答
在“疑问词+不定式”结构作动词宾语或介词宾语时,其逻辑主语可能是句子中的主语或不定式前的疑问代词,也可能是泛指的。
例如:
They pretended that they knew how to weave cloth of the most beautiful colours and
designs. 他们假装知道怎样织最美丽的颜色和最美丽的图案的布。
(句子主语)
Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language. 马克思提出了一些怎样学好外语的建议。
(泛指)
I don't know who to do the work. 我不知道该谁去做那项工作。
(不定式前的疑问代词)
Do you know when to start? 你知道什么时候开始吗?
(主语不详)
Can you tell me how to improve my English? 你能告诉我怎样提高我的英语吗?
(句子宾语)
The question is which bus to take.问题是乘哪辆公共汽车。
(隐含为问说话人)
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疑问词+不定式结构可做主语、宾语、表语、同位语。
1.疑问词+不定式结构由两部分构成:疑问词和动词不定式(wh-+to do)。疑问词部分包括疑问代词who, whom, what, which和whose以及疑问副词when, where和how。此外,连接词“whether”也适用。
2. 疑问词+不定式结构可做主语、宾语、表语、同位语。
⑴当主语,如:
● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
● Where to live is a problem.
⑵当宾语,常接在forget, find out, discuss, decide, tell, teach, know, learn, wonder, remember等动词之后作宾语如:
● We must know what to say at a meeting.
● He could not tell whom to trust.
● Do you know how to play bridge?
⑶当表语,如:
● The problem is where to find the financial aid.
● The question is who to elect.
⑷当名词同位语,如:
● Tom had no idea which book to read first.
● The question whether to confess troubled the girl.
⑸用于直接宾语。某些动词后可接“sb.+ 疑问词 + 不定式”构成的双重宾语,这类动词常用的有advise, ask, show, teach, tell等如:
● I can tell you where to get this book.
● I ask her how to learn English.
● He will advise you what to do.
● Will you show me how to use the machine?
(6) 作介词宾语:某些介词后面可接"疑问词+不定式"作宾语,这类介词常用的有 about, as, from, in, of, on, with等。例如:
He has no idea of how to answer this question. 他不知道怎样回答这个问题。
Della had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. 德拉仅有$1.87为来吉姆买一件礼物。
(which是关系代词)
You have a number of topics from which to choose. 你有很多题目可以选择。(which是关系代词)
1.疑问词+不定式结构由两部分构成:疑问词和动词不定式(wh-+to do)。疑问词部分包括疑问代词who, whom, what, which和whose以及疑问副词when, where和how。此外,连接词“whether”也适用。
2. 疑问词+不定式结构可做主语、宾语、表语、同位语。
⑴当主语,如:
● When to hold the meeting has not yet been decided.
● Where to live is a problem.
⑵当宾语,常接在forget, find out, discuss, decide, tell, teach, know, learn, wonder, remember等动词之后作宾语如:
● We must know what to say at a meeting.
● He could not tell whom to trust.
● Do you know how to play bridge?
⑶当表语,如:
● The problem is where to find the financial aid.
● The question is who to elect.
⑷当名词同位语,如:
● Tom had no idea which book to read first.
● The question whether to confess troubled the girl.
⑸用于直接宾语。某些动词后可接“sb.+ 疑问词 + 不定式”构成的双重宾语,这类动词常用的有advise, ask, show, teach, tell等如:
● I can tell you where to get this book.
● I ask her how to learn English.
● He will advise you what to do.
● Will you show me how to use the machine?
(6) 作介词宾语:某些介词后面可接"疑问词+不定式"作宾语,这类介词常用的有 about, as, from, in, of, on, with等。例如:
He has no idea of how to answer this question. 他不知道怎样回答这个问题。
Della had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. 德拉仅有$1.87为来吉姆买一件礼物。
(which是关系代词)
You have a number of topics from which to choose. 你有很多题目可以选择。(which是关系代词)
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