十大翻译技巧
十大翻译技巧
要想成为一名职业翻译，要使译文显得比较流畅和专业，就必须懂得翻译技巧，下面我就给大家带来十大翻译技巧，谢谢您的阅读，祝您阅读愉快。
一、同义反译法
1. Only three customers remained in the bar.
酒吧间只有三个顾客还没有走。
(不译：“还留着”或“还呆在那里”)
2. I'll be here for good this time.
这一次我再也不走了。
(不译：“永远在此呆下去”)
3. Please keep the fire burning when I'm out.
我不在家的时候，别让炉子灭了。
(不译：“我外出时，请让炉子继续烧着”)
4. "Wait, he is serious."
等等，他不是说着玩儿的。
(不译：”等等，他是认真的。“)
5. "Now, Clara, be firm with the boy!"
听我说，克拉拉，对这孩子可不能心软。
(不译：”......对这孩子要坚定“)
二、删减解释词
The traveller in the south must often have remarked that peculiar air of refinement, that softness of voice and manner, which seems in many cases to be a particular gift to the quotation and mulatto women.
到南方去的人看见那些黑白混血的女郎，一定会注意到她们十之八九都有那种独特的优雅风度、那种温柔的声音和文静的举止。
三、 短句拆译
" ...on one sunshiny morning in June , ..."
在六月里的一天早上，天气晴朗......
四、译词推陈出新
When he might well have acted with boldness, he found himself filled with doubts, scruples and equivocality, in addition to the ordinary fears of a lower.
原译：当他可以大胆行动的时候，他发现自己除了一个情人所具有的那种普通的害怕之外，心里还充满怀疑、顾虑和踌躇。
改译：等到他不妨放胆去追求的时候，他却迟疑不定，顾虑重重。至于一般堕入情网的人那种常有的提心吊胆的心理，那就更是难免的了。
五、解释性添词
"George, I'm ashamed of you! George, I couldn't have believed you would have done it! I always knew you to be a rolling stone that gathered no moss; but I never thought you would have taken away what little moss there was for Bagnet and the children to lie upon," said Mrs. Bagnet.
”乔治，我真替你害臊﹗乔治，想不到你会干出这种事情来﹗俗话说得好：滚着的碌碡不长苔，流浪的汉子不攒财。我早知道你就是这么一个流浪汉﹗可真没有想到你连贝格纳特和孩子们靠它过活的那一点点财也骗走“，贝格纳特太太说道。
六、词无定译
It is quite useless to ask whether Vanderbilt was criminally prosecuted or civilly sued by the Government. Not only was he unmolested, but two years later, he carried on another huge swindle upon the Government under peculiary heinous conditi.
我们根本不必追问政府是否根据刑法或民法对范德比尔特提出起诉。范德比尔特不仅逍遥法外，而且在两年后又以极其凶狠的手段对政府进行过一次巨大的诈骗。
七、精炼译词
A new dignity crept into his walk.
原译：走路的姿态不知甚么时候开始给人一种庄重的印象。
改译：走起路来，不觉平添了几分尊严。
八、 删削"When"字
1. When he saw me, he was startled.
他看见我，吓了一大跳。
(不译：当他看见我的时候......)
2. "When your gals takes on and cry, what's the use of cracking on them over the head, and knocking on them round?"
“你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心，你还拿鞭子没头没脑的抽，把她们打得死去活来，那有什么用呢?”
(不译：当你那些女黑奴哭得那么伤心的时候，你还拿鞭子......)
九、感叹词的不同译法
1. "O, don't mother! I should like the flowers; do give them to me; I want them!"
"Why, Eva, your room is full now."
“妈妈，别这样﹗我喜欢这些花，把花给我吧，我要﹗ ”
“得了吧，伊娃，你屋里的花都满了。”
2. "Well, that's odd!" said Marie. "What in the world do you want that for?"
“哟，真是怪事﹗”玛利说，“你干嘛非要这个不可?”
十、顺拆法
His delegation agreed with the Executive Director/ that the fund should continue working/ for a better understanding of the interrelatihip between economic, social and demographic factors.
原译：他的代表团同意执行主任关于该基金会应继续为更好地了解经济、社会和人口的相互关系而努力的意见。
改译：他的代表团同意执行主任的意见，认为该基金会应继续努力， 以求更好地了解经济、社会和人口这三方面的相互关系。
定语从句的翻译技巧：
简单定语从句的翻译技巧
所谓简单的定语从句，是指一个句子只含一个定语从句的结构。这类定语从句，不论是限制性的还是非限制笥的`，在结构上与先行词的关系比较简单，翻译时多译成定语，也可译成并列句、状语从句或独立句等；这种定语从句还可译成句子成分，即和先行词放在一起翻译，它有如下几种情况：
1．译成主句把先行词译成定语，而把定语从句译成主句：
In the northern Balkans where the Bulgars were a constant threat to the empire, Basil Ii won such a crushing victory in 1014 that he was known thereafter as Bulgaroktouns, or the Bulgar-Slayer.
巴尔干半岛北部的保加利亚人，一直是帝国的威胁，1014年，巴西耳二世在巴尔干半岛北部取得决定性胜利，从此被称为屠杀保加利亚人的刽子手。
2． 译成谓语 把先行词或主句译成主语，把定语从句译成谓语或动宾结构：
In the East the Persians, who had been bribed into peace during Justinians reign, now set out under their ambitious king of kings, Chosroes II, to eliminate altogether the East Roman Empire.
在东部，查士丁尼统治时期，波斯人因曾与拜占廷媾和；现在，他们在野心勃勃的大皇帝科斯罗埃斯二世的率领下，开始全面消灭东罗马帝国。（谓语）
复杂定语从句的翻译技巧
一主二仆式定语从句是指一个先行词带有两个或两个以上定语从句的情况。该结构中的定语从句比较规范，均修饰一个先行词，在翻译时，虽然也遵循一般定语从句的翻译技巧和方法，但还有其独特的地方。归纳起来，有如下几种情况：
1）译成定语 可以把两个定语从句译成并列的定语，也可译成分开的定语修饰先地词，或分别修饰重复的先行词。
and the old ways of earning a living rivalled by new agricultural techniques, by commerce with hitherto unknown parts of the globe, and by new crafts with strane machines that saved labor and that ran without the traditional human or animal power
古老的谋生之道正受到新的农业技术、新的贸易、新的行业的挑战；这种新贸易是与世界上一向无人知晓的地区进行的贸易，而种种新行业则是使用一些无需传统的人力畜力驱动、可节省劳动力的奇特机遇。（并列的定语）
Almost everything which really matters and which the world possessed at the commencement of the modern age was already known to man at the dawn of history.
近代史开始时，世界拥有的每一项重大成就，已为历史发端期的人们所知晓。（分开的定语）
And it helps to explain why so many inventions that were of Chinese origin or that had been known to the Greco-Romans, were fully developed and exploited ony by the Western Europeans.
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