Question

翻译一下

He followed in the steps of his father, Philip IV, in trying to place the French crown on a solid fiscal footing and revoked many of the unpopular decisions of his predecessor and older brother, Louis X. He also instituted government reforms, reformed the currency and worked to standardise weights and measures. Amongst Philip's key appointments was the later cardinal Pierre Bertrand, who would play a key role in successive French royal governments in subsequent years.

Starting in 1317, Philip reissued an act first passed by his father in 1311, condemning the alienation, of theft, of royal resources and offices in the provinces. By 1318, his political situation strengthened, Philip went further, setting out in a new act a distinction between the French royal domain – the core set of lands and titles that belonged permanently to the crown – and those lands and titles that had been forfeited to the crown for one reason or another. If the French crown was to bestow or grant new lands to nobles, Philip declared, they would usually be given only from the second source: this was a double-edged announcement, at once reinforcing the core, unalienable powers of the crown, whilst also reassuring nobles that their lands were sacrosanct unless they were forfeited to the crown in punishment for a crime or misdemeanour. Philip was responsible for the creation of the cours des comptes in 1320, a court responsible for auditing the royal accounts to ensure proper payment; the courts still exist today. In practice, Philip did not entirely keep to his self-declared principles on grants of royal lands and titles, but was far more conservative in such matters than his immediate predecessors.

Answer 1

他追随着他父亲菲利普四世的脚步，试图法国王室政权建立在坚实的财政基础上, 并取消许多他的前任和哥哥路易十世不受欢迎的政策。他还改革了政府机制，实行货币改革，并致力于统一度量衡。菲利普的几项重要任命当中就有后来成为枢机主教的皮埃尔贝特朗，其随后几年在法国王室政府发挥了关键作用。

由1317年开始，菲利普重新颁布他的父亲在1311年通过的一项法令，谴责异化与盗窃王室的资源和在各省的办事处。到1318年，他的政局巩固，菲利普更进一步在一个新通过的法令当中将法国皇家领地 - 永久属于王室的土地和封号- 以及因为某些理由冠以王室所有的土地和封号区别开来。如果法国王室要赐予新的土地给贵族，菲利普宣布，他们通常只能从第二个来源得到：这是一个双刃剑，公布立刻加强权力之冠不可剥夺性，同时也安抚了贵族，保证他们的土地是神圣不可侵犯的，除非他们因犯罪被惩罚没收。菲利普在1320年建立了法国审核法庭，一个专门负责审核王室帐目的法院，以确保正确皇家负责支付责任；这法院今天依然存在。在实际操作中，菲利普对于皇室的头衔和土地补贴问题并不完全坚持他自我声明的原则，但在这些事上远远比他的前任保守。

翻完了

Answer 2

他跟随着他的父亲菲利普四，步骤，试图建立在一个坚实的财政基础的法国王室和吊销他的许多前任和哥哥，路易十，他还改革了政府改革实行货币，不受欢迎的决定并致力于规范度量衡。菲利普当中的重要任命为枢机主教皮埃尔贝特朗后来，谁在随后几年将发挥在历届法国王室政府发挥关键作用。

在1317年开始，首先由菲利普重新发行他的父亲在1311年通过了一项法令，谴责异化，盗窃王室的资源和在各省设有办事处。到1318年，他的政治局势加强，菲利普走得更远，设置了一个新的法令，法国皇家领地之间的区别-土地，标题这样属于永久冠的核心部分- 以及这些土地和已被没收的产品为某种理由或其他冠。如果法国王冠是赠与，给予新的土地给贵族，菲利普宣布，他们通常会得到只能从第二个来源：这是一个双刃剑公布，立刻加强核心，不可剥夺的权力之冠，同时也令人欣慰的贵族，他们的土地是神圣不可侵犯的，除非他们被没收的惩罚官方对犯罪或轻罪。菲利普在那里的1320创造的赛道德comptes，法院负责审核帐目，以确保正确皇家负责支付责任;法院今天依然存在。在实践中，菲利普并不完全坚持他的自我声明的原则和头衔的皇室土地补贴，但远远比他的前任在这些事项保守。

Answer 3