宇宙飞船首次“触摸”太阳
18 December 2021
美国宇航局称飞船首次进入太阳大气层的外边。
Parker太阳探测器旅行到太阳大气层外边即所谓的日冕。科学家称需几个考察确认飞船带回的数据。
与地球不同，太阳没有坚固的表面，只有一团靠重力和磁力聚集在一起的超热球体物质。
一些太阳能物质逃逸到大气层被称为太阳风。太阳风是指从太阳上层大气(日冕)射出的等离子体带电粒子流。
Parker太阳探测器是2018年发射的，主要是研究太阳风。
美国宇航局称进入太阳大气层的外边为“触摸”太阳。
Nour Raouafi是项目科学家，他称该发现“令人着迷的刺激”。飞船首次能感觉到日冕磁力影响。
他补充了一些该发现的磁场与太阳风的数据及图片。他说“我们能看到飞船通过日冕时整个日全食的过程”。
科学家是在美国地球物理学会上宣布的，结果发布在美国物理科学上。
The American space agency NASA says a spacecraft has entered the sun's outermost atmosphere for the first time.
The Parker Solar Probe traveled through the solar atmosphere's outer edge – known as the corona。scientists said it took them a few months to examine data from the spacecraft and to confirm the result.
Unlike Earth, the sun does not have a solid surface. Instead, it is a superheated ball of material held together by gravity and magnetic forces.
Some solar material escapes and is released into space in what is known as the solar wind. The solar wind is the flow of charged particles, known as plasma, released from the corona into space.
The Parker Solar Probe was launched in 2018 with a main goal of studying the solar wind. Scientists say being able to study the solar wind and the corona close up can help them better understand how solar activity influences Earth.
NASA has described the spacecraft's entry into the outermost atmosphere as successfully "touching" the sun.
Nour Raouafi is the project scientist on the mission. He is with the Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory in Maryland. Raouafi called the finding " fascinatingly exciting."
The spacecraft is now able to sense conditions in the magnetically-influenced corona for the very first time, Raouafi said.
He added that the evidence used to confirm the findings included data on magnetic fields and the solar wind, as well as images. "We can actually see the spacecraft flying through coronal structures that can be observed during a total solar eclipse ," Raouafi said.
Scientists announced the findings during a meeting of the American Geophysical Union. Results were also published by the American Physical Society.
The scientists reported Parker was about 13 million kilometers from the center of the sun when it crossed the boundary between the solar atmosphere and the solar wind. They said the spacecraft was able to go in and out of the corona at least three times.
The Parker team said early data also suggested the spacecraft may have entered the corona during its ninth close pass in August. But further study is needed to make a confirmation. The scientists said Parker made its 10th close pass last month.
The spacecraft is expected to keep getting closer to the sun and ping deeper into the corona until its final orbit, planned for 2025.
