Question

求翻译 材料科学与工程专业英语 第二版 匡少平主编的

Answer 1

Corrosion involves the deterioration of a material as it reacts with its environment. Corrosion is the primary means by which metals deteriorate. Corrosion literally consumes the material reducing load carrying capability and causing stress concentrations. Corrosion is often a major part of maintenance cost and corrosion prevention is vital in many designs. Corrosion is not expressed in terms of a design property value like other properties but rather in more qualitative terms such as a material is immune, resistant, susceptible or very susceptible to corrosion.
腐蚀涉及重大恶化，因为它与环境的反应。 腐蚀是主要手段，其中金属恶化。 从字面上消耗材料腐蚀承载能力降低，造成应力集中。 腐蚀是经常的维修成本的主要组成部分，防腐蚀的许多设计是至关重要的。 腐蚀是不表达的性能设计像其他财产的价值计算，而是在质量上更如一种材料的免疫，抗，感还是很容易受腐蚀。
The corrosion process is usually electrochemical in nature, having the essential features of a battery. Corrosion is a natural process that commonly occurs because unstable materials, such as refined metals want to return to a more stable compound. For example, some metals, such as gold and silver, can be found in the earth in their natural, metallic state and they have little tendency to corrode. Iron is a moderately active metal and corrodes readily in the presence of water. The natural state of iron is iron oxide and the most common iron ore is Hematite with a chemical composition of Fe203. Rust, the most common corrosion product of iron, also has a chemical composition of Fe2O3.
腐蚀过程通常是在电化学性质，具有一个电池的基本特征。 腐蚀是一种自然过程，通常是因为不稳定的材料，如精炼金属，要返回到一个更稳定的化合物。 举例来说，如黄金和白银的一些金属，可以发现在他们的自然，金属态地球，他们很少有腐蚀倾向。 铁是一个中等活跃的金属和腐蚀在有水的存在容易。 自然状态下的铁是铁的氧化物和最常见的是赤铁矿和一0 三化学成分的Fe 2。 生锈，最常见的铁腐蚀产物，也有一个O 3化学成分铁2。
The difficulty in terms of energy required to extract metals from their ores is directly related to the ensuing tendency to corrode and release this energy. The electromotive force series (See table) is a ranking of metals with respect to their inherent reactivity. The most noble metal is at the top and has the highest positive electrochemical potential. The most active metal is at the bottom and has the most negative electrochemical potential.
在所需的从矿石中提取金属能源方面的困难，直接关系到随后的倾向，腐蚀和释放这种能量。 电动势系列（见表）是一种金属与尊重其固有的反应排名。 最高贵的金属是在顶部，并具有最高的积极电化学势。 最活跃的金属在底部并拥有国内最负电的潜力。
Note that aluminum, as indicated by its position in the series, is a relatively reactive metal; among structural metals, only beryllium and magnesium are more reactive. Aluminum owes its excellent corrosion resistance to the barrier oxide film that is bonded strongly to the surface and if damaged reforms immediately in most environments. On a surface freshly abraded and exposed to air, the protective film is only 10 Angstroms thick but highly effective at protecting the metal from corrosion.
请注意，铝，AS系列所指出的位置，是一个相对活性金属，在结构金属，铍，镁只有更加被动。 铝归功于其优异的耐腐蚀性，表面氧化膜的障碍是保税强烈，如果立即大多数环境破坏改革研究。 表面上的磨损和接触到新鲜空气，保护膜只有10埃厚，但非常有效地在金属腐蚀的保护。
Corrosion involve two chemical processes…oxidation and reduction. Oxidation is the process of stripping electrons from an atom and reduction occurs when an electron is added to an atom. The oxidation process takes place at an area known as the anode. At the anode, positively charged atoms leave the solid surface and enter into an electrolyte as ions. The ions leave their corresponding negative charge in the form of electrons in the metal which travel to the location of the cathode through a conductive path. At the cathode, the corresponding reduction reaction takes place and consumes the free electrons. The electrical balance of the circuit is restored at the cathode when the electrons react with neutralizing positive ions, such as hydrogen ions, in the electrolyte. From this description, it can be seen that there are four essential components that are needed for a corrosion reaction to proceed. These components are an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte with oxidizing species, and some direct electrical connection between the anode and cathode. Although atmospheric air is the most common environmental electrolyte, natural waters, such as seawater rain, as well as man-made solutions, are the environments most frequently associated with corrosion problems
涉及两个化学腐蚀过程...氧化和还原。 氧化是从原子中剥离和减少电子的过程发生在一个电子被添加到一个原子。 氧化过程发生在作为阳极闻名的地区发生。 在阳极，带正电的原子离开固体表面作为离子进入电解液。 这些离子留在金属中的电子导电的穿越路径阴极的位置，形成自己相应的负电荷。 在阴极，相应发生还原反应，消耗的自由电子。 该电路的电平衡恢复时，在阴极的电子与电解质中和正离子，如氢离子，反应。 从这个描述中，可以看出，有四个是一腐蚀反应进行所需的重要组成部分。 这些组件是阳极，阴极，电解质与氧化的物种，以及一些直接阳极和阴极之间的电气连接。 虽然大气环境是最常见的电解质，自然水域，如海水雨，以及人的解决方案，这是最常见的腐蚀问题与相关的环境。

Answer 2

Materials science and engineering major engllish
The second edition
editor: Kuang ShaoPing

Answer 3

同求啊