Question

请将这两个故事翻译成英文

1.春秋时代，鲁国有这样一条法规：凡是鲁国人到其他国家去旅行，看到有鲁国人沦为奴隶，可以自己垫钱把他先赎回来，待回鲁国后到官府去报销。官府用国库的钱支付赎金并给予一定的奖励。
孔子有个学生到国外去，恰好碰到有一个鲁国人在那里做奴隶，就掏钱赎出了他。回国以后这个学生既没有张扬，也没有到官府去报销所垫付的赎金。
那个被赎回的人把情况讲给众人，人们都称赞这个学生仗义，人格高尚。
一时间，街头巷尾都把这件事当作美谈。
孔子知道了这件事，不仅没有表扬这个学生，还对他进行了严厉的批评，责怪他犯了一个有违社会大道的错误，是只为小义而不顾大道。
孔子指出：由于这个学生没有到官府去报销赎金而被人们称赞为品格高尚，那么其他的人在国外看到鲁国人沦为奴隶，就要对是否垫钱把他赎出来产生犹豫。因为垫钱把他赎出来再去官府报销领奖，人们会说自己不仗义，不高尚；不去官府报销，自己的损失谁来补。于是乎，多一事不如少一事，只好假装没看见，从客观上讲，这个学生的行为妨碍了更多的在外国做奴隶的鲁国人被赎买回来。

2.一次，孔子去鲁国国君的祖庙参加祭祖典礼，他不时向人询问，差不多每件事都问到了。有人在背后嘲笑他，说他不懂礼仪，什么都要问。孔子听到这些议论后说：“对于不懂的事，问个明白，这正是我要求知礼的表现啊。” 那时，卫国有个大夫叫孔圉（音yu），虚心好学，为人正直。当时社会有个习惯，在最高统治者或其他有地位的人死后，给他另起一个称号，叫谥（音shi）号。按照这个习俗，孔圉死后，授于他的谥号为“文”，所以后来人们又称他为孔文子。 孔子的学生子贡有些不服气，他认为孔圉也有不足的地方，于是就去问孔子：“老师，孔文子凭什么可以被称为‘文’呢？” 孔子回答：“敏而好学，不耻下问，是以谓之‘文’也。”意思是说孔圉聪敏又勤学，不以向职位比自己低、学问比自己差的人求学为耻辱，所以可以用“文”字作为他的谥号。 孔子的这句话，引出了“不耻下问”这个成语。后来人们常用它来比喻向地位和学问不如自己的人请教；或形容谦虚、好学，不自以为是。

Answer 1

1. The spring and autumn period, lu state-owned such a regulations: every LuGuoRen to other countries to travel, see have LuGuoRen slavery, you can make your own mat money he first pawned, stay back after the rulers to submit an expense account to 481b.c. With Treasury money to pay for the rulers ransom and give certain incentives.
Confucius has a student to go abroad, met a LuGuoRen just where slave, he paid redeemed him. Home later this student is neither make public, nor to paid by the rulers to submit an expense account ransom.
That may be redeemed told all the situation, people always praised the student battle righteousness, noble character.
At that time, the streets and lanes are put this matter as 美谈.
Confucius knew about this matter, not only the students but also praised him for severe criticism, blame he made a mistake, against social avenue is only for small righteousness and disregard avenue.
Confucius said: because the student did not to ransom the rulers to submit an expense account by people praise for character, then other people in foreign LuGuoRen slaves, will see him on whether mat redeem money generated hesitated. Because his mat money to redeem the rulers to submit an expense account again, people will say their prize battle righteousness, not noble; not Don't go to government reimbursement, their losses who patch. As a result, more than the less about to pretended not to see, objectively speaking, the student's behavior hinders more in foreign is the slave's LuGuoRen be foreclosure back.

2. Once, Confucius to 481b.c pujiu ancestor-worship ceremony in the monarch, he sometimes to ask, almost everything asked arrived. Someone laugh behind him in and said he didn't understand what ask etiquette. After hearing the debate Confucius said: "when, don't understand of ask clear, this is what I want knowledge ritual performance ah." Then a doctor, wei yu that hole take (sound), to be diligent modestly, upright. When society has a habit, in the highest rulers or other have status person dies, give him another up a title, called shi), Shi (sound. According to the custom, hole after death, take the conferred on him for "wen" writings.finally, so later people and called him hole text. Student of Confucius, the zigong some defy spirit, he thinks hole take also have the insufficient place, so ask Confucius: "teacher, hole can be called by what text" wen '?" Confucius answered, "sensitive and eager to learn by asking questions, based on call." "wen" also Take intelligent mean hole again, not in the enquiry to position himself low, knowledge than people of poor than oneself study for shame, so can use the "culture" word as his writings.finally. Confucius of this sentence, leads to a "fools" this idiom. The people later used it to describe "learning to status and less fortunate consult; Or describe humility, studious, not complacent.

Answer 2

这么多文字就给10分？