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罂粟原产小亚细亚、印度和伊朗。我国部分地区药物种植场有少量栽培。罂粟是罂粟科的二年生草本植物。全株粉绿色,叶长椭圆形,抱茎而生;夏季开花,单生枝头,大型而艳丽,有红、紫、... 罂粟原产小亚细亚、印度和伊朗。我国部分地区药物种植场有少量栽培。罂粟是罂粟科的二年生草本植物。全株粉绿色,叶长椭圆形,抱茎而生;夏季开花,单生枝头,大型而艳丽,有红、紫、白色,向上开放。花早落,结球形蒴果,内有细小而众多种子。

罂粟壳含少量吗啡(Morphine)、可待因(Codeine)、蒂巴因(Thebaine)、那可汀(Narcotine)、罂粟壳碱(Narcotoline)和罂粟碱(Papaverine);另含多糖约2.4%,水解可得乳糖10%、阿拉伯糖6%、木糖6%、鼠李糖4%、乳糖醛酸(Galacturonic acid)60%、4-0-甲基葡萄糖醛酸(4-0-Methylglucuronic acid)4%、微量岩藻糖(Fucose)、2-0-甲基岩藻糖(2-0-Methylfucose)、2-0-甲基木糖(2-0-Methylxylose)及葡萄糖醛酸(G-tucuronic acid)、景天庚糖(Sedoheptulose)、D-甘露庚酮糖(D-Mannoheptulose)、D-甘油基-D-甘露辛酮糖(D-Glycero-D-Mannooctulose)、内消旋肌醇(Mesoinositol)、赤藓醇(Erythritol)。

过量食用后易致瘾。

中医以罂粟壳入药,处方又名“御米壳”或“罂壳”。在夏季“割烟”后采收,去蒂头和种子,晒干醋炒或蜜炙备用。种子含油50%,可以榨油。

罂粟壳性平味酸涩,有毒,内含吗啡、可待因、那可汀、罂粟碱等30多种生物碱,为镇痛、止咳、止泻药,用于肺虚久咳不止、胸腹筋骨各种疼痛、久痢常泻不止;也用于肾虚引起的遗精、滑精等症。

罂粟果实中有乳汁,割取干燥后就是“鸦片”。它含有10% 的吗啡等生物碱,能解除平滑肌特别是血管平滑肌的痉挛,并能抑制心肌,主要用于心绞痛、动脉栓塞等症。但长期应用容易成瘾,慢性中毒,严重危害身体,成为民间常说的“鸦片鬼”。严重的还会因呼吸困难而送命。所以,我国对罂粟种植严加控制,除药用科研外,一律禁植。
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Poppy origin of Asia Minor, India and Iran. Parts of the country drug cultivation of a small amount of cultivation. Poppy opium poppy is the biennial herbs. Whole-plant powder green, long oval leaves, with stems and Health; Summer flowering, single-sheng, branches, large and beautiful, with red, purple, white, open up. Early drop flowers, guitarists spherical capsule containing many small seeds. With a small amount of morphine poppy (morphine), codeine (Codeine). Thebaine (Thebaine), it may Ting (Narcotine) Alkali poppy (Narcotoline) and papaverine (Papaverine); Another polysaccharides containing about 2.4%, hydrolysis available 10% lactose, the sugar 6% 6% xylose, rhamnose 4%. PG (Galacturonic acid) 60% 4-0- - glucuronic acid (4-0-Methylglucuronic acid) 4%. Trace fucose (Fucose) 2-0- - fucose (2-0-Methylfucose) 2-0- - xylose (2-0-Methylxylose) and glucuronic acid (G-tucur onic acid), Sedum heptose (Sedoheptulose) D - mannose sugar heptanone (D-Mannoheptulose) D-glycerol-D - mannose sugar Sim ketone (D-Glycero-D-Mannooctulose) , within the racemate of inositol (Mesoinositol), erythritol alcohol (Erythritol). After the excessive consumption prone to cause addiction. Chinese medicine poppy medicines, prescription called the "Royal meters shell" or "saw shell." In the summer to "cut tobacco" harvested stalks and seed heads, dried statisticd analysis or Honey-fried spare. Seed Oil 50%, they can extract oil. Sexual poppy-sour taste, toxic, containing morphine, codeine and then Ting, 30 papaverine many alkaloids, analgesia, Cough, antidiarrheal medicine for more than Syndrome chronic cough, chest and abdomen various skeletal pain, diarrhea more than regular shell; also for kidney deficiency caused by spermatorrhea. Spermatorrhea appetite. Fruit of a poppy milk, dried removed is the "opium." It contains 10% of morphine and other alkaloids that can lift smooth muscle, especially the vascular smooth muscle cramps, and can inhibit the cardiac, mainly used for angina, arterial embolization appetite. But long-term use of easy addiction, chronic poisoning, serious bodily harm, as people often say the "ghosts of opium." Also affected by the severe dyspnea and another accident occurred. Therefore, my right to exercise strict control over poppy cultivation, in addition to medical research, ban the planting.
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