2012考研英语：研究生英语二第四篇英语解题方法详细解析
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这在原文中有：they were more aware of the struggles of others体现，但是这只是说有了一种意识，而不是真的“each other”的与任何人都去“struggle against”，故属于同形不同义，排除。
[C]challenge their lifestyle，C选项，挑战了他们的生活方式。
该选项符合文章中的相关内容，与题干结合有歧义，即人们自己挑战自己的生活方式。实际上，原文所提及的一些题改变是人们迫不得已的重新思考的结果，而不是人们自主的挑战。所以，排除此选项。
[D]reconsider their lifestyle ，D选项，重新思考他们的时候方式。
文章中“had improved them in some ways;”；“they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others。”；“At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending”都是一种基于改变的思考，故选D选项。
第38题，结合文章研读选项：
[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants，A选项，加重外来移民的负担。
原文中表述如下：Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases即反移民的情绪增加，但是这不是移民的负担，所以与上题的多干扰项一样，属于同形不同义，排除。
[B]bring out more evils of human nature ，B选项，使显示出更多的人性的罪恶。
通过对“engthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes。”的综合，可以确定，此选项为正确选项。
“[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms，C选项，推动权力和自由的进步”以及“[D]ease conflicts between races and classes，D选项，缓和各个种族与各个阶级之间的冲突”明显与原文“stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms。”以及“does conflict between races and classes”不符合，所以排除。
故，最终确认，答案为B选项。
第39题，结合文章研读选项：
Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。
[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities，A选项，由于缺少机会而落后于其他人。
文章中有“decrease opportunities to cross them”，但是此句，只是在讨论前面的核心点“class divides”，而不是有关于“elite universities”。
而“left behind”所在“ it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。”这一句是一个明显的强调句型，还原为原句后是：the masses beneath them are left behind. 其中them指代前面的“those with degrees from elite universities”即题干中的大学生。故该句翻译成：在大学之后的大众们被抛在后面。
所以，大学生没有因为机会少而落后，故属于同形不同义，排除。
[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees，B选项，以很快赶上了经验丰富的员工。
原文中有：those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times。其“catch up quickly with ”对象是“where they have been”，而非人，所以，排除不选。
[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’，C选项，和其他人一样把他们的生活机会看的很暗淡。
根据原文，同样可以知道，他们不会如同其他人一样，所以排除。
[D]recover more quickly than the others，D选项，比其他人回复的更快速。
在原文中的“those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。”说明，第一大学生会去到在较好的时代不能去到的高度，其次他们可以超过其他人，所以，答案为，他们恢复的更快。
第30题，在文章中不好确定，故进入第四步骤解题。
第四步骤：全文解题。
全文前四个段落都已出题，唯独最后一个段落没有出题，根据出题区域不重复的原则(相见同上)，所以研读选项后，重点研读最后一个段落。
[A]certain ，A选项，确定的。
[B]positive，B选项，积极地。
[C]trivial，C选项，琐碎的。
[D]destructive，D选项，毁灭的。
C选项与D选项，属于负面选项，纵观全文，内容较为可观且积极，所以负面的选项，应该排除，其实这也好理解，就是如果真的是全负面的影响，美国人民可能就是去活下去的勇气了……
而，很多同学会被B选项，积极地，所迷惑，原因是文中提及了很多好一点的内容，但是，在文章中的最后一段有原文：We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend。
所以，答案为A选项，确定的。即作者认为是有影响的，但是影响的最终结果，仍需等待。
所以结合上面的真题解析，我们可以知道，在阅读之时不要为相同但是却不同意义的选项所迷惑，原文才是检验真题的途径！
希望该文章能对各位同学的复习有所帮助。
韩 苏
2012年1月8日
附录：2012年考研英语(二)第四篇文章
Text 4
The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years。
No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending。
But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. , lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes。
Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。
In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend。
36.By saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to___。
[A]seek subsidies from the government
[B]explore reasons for the unemployment
[C]make profits from the troubled economy
[D]look on the bright side of the recession
37. According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____。
[A]realize the national dream
[B]struggle against each other
[C]challenge their lifestyle
[D]reconsider their lifestyle
38. Benjamin Friedman believed that economic recession may_____。
[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants
[B]bring out more evils of human nature
[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms
[D]ease conflicts between races and classes
39. The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____。
[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities
[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees
[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’
[D]recover more quickly than the others
40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____。
[A]certain
[B]positive
[C]trivial
[D]destructive
[C]challenge their lifestyle，C选项，挑战了他们的生活方式。
该选项符合文章中的相关内容，与题干结合有歧义，即人们自己挑战自己的生活方式。实际上，原文所提及的一些题改变是人们迫不得已的重新思考的结果，而不是人们自主的挑战。所以，排除此选项。
[D]reconsider their lifestyle ，D选项，重新思考他们的时候方式。
文章中“had improved them in some ways;”；“they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others。”；“At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending”都是一种基于改变的思考，故选D选项。
第38题，结合文章研读选项：
[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants，A选项，加重外来移民的负担。
原文中表述如下：Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases即反移民的情绪增加，但是这不是移民的负担，所以与上题的多干扰项一样，属于同形不同义，排除。
[B]bring out more evils of human nature ，B选项，使显示出更多的人性的罪恶。
通过对“engthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes。”的综合，可以确定，此选项为正确选项。
“[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms，C选项，推动权力和自由的进步”以及“[D]ease conflicts between races and classes，D选项，缓和各个种族与各个阶级之间的冲突”明显与原文“stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms。”以及“does conflict between races and classes”不符合，所以排除。
故，最终确认，答案为B选项。
第39题，结合文章研读选项：
Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。
[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities，A选项，由于缺少机会而落后于其他人。
文章中有“decrease opportunities to cross them”，但是此句，只是在讨论前面的核心点“class divides”，而不是有关于“elite universities”。
而“left behind”所在“ it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。”这一句是一个明显的强调句型，还原为原句后是：the masses beneath them are left behind. 其中them指代前面的“those with degrees from elite universities”即题干中的大学生。故该句翻译成：在大学之后的大众们被抛在后面。
所以，大学生没有因为机会少而落后，故属于同形不同义，排除。
[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees，B选项，以很快赶上了经验丰富的员工。
原文中有：those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times。其“catch up quickly with ”对象是“where they have been”，而非人，所以，排除不选。
[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’，C选项，和其他人一样把他们的生活机会看的很暗淡。
根据原文，同样可以知道，他们不会如同其他人一样，所以排除。
[D]recover more quickly than the others，D选项，比其他人回复的更快速。
在原文中的“those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。”说明，第一大学生会去到在较好的时代不能去到的高度，其次他们可以超过其他人，所以，答案为，他们恢复的更快。
第30题，在文章中不好确定，故进入第四步骤解题。
第四步骤：全文解题。
全文前四个段落都已出题，唯独最后一个段落没有出题，根据出题区域不重复的原则(相见同上)，所以研读选项后，重点研读最后一个段落。
[A]certain ，A选项，确定的。
[B]positive，B选项，积极地。
[C]trivial，C选项，琐碎的。
[D]destructive，D选项，毁灭的。
C选项与D选项，属于负面选项，纵观全文，内容较为可观且积极，所以负面的选项，应该排除，其实这也好理解，就是如果真的是全负面的影响，美国人民可能就是去活下去的勇气了……
而，很多同学会被B选项，积极地，所迷惑，原因是文中提及了很多好一点的内容，但是，在文章中的最后一段有原文：We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend。
所以，答案为A选项，确定的。即作者认为是有影响的，但是影响的最终结果，仍需等待。
所以结合上面的真题解析，我们可以知道，在阅读之时不要为相同但是却不同意义的选项所迷惑，原文才是检验真题的途径！
希望该文章能对各位同学的复习有所帮助。
韩 苏
2012年1月8日
附录：2012年考研英语(二)第四篇文章
Text 4
The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, it will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics, our culture, and the character of our society for years。
No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending。
But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside the U.S. , lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes。
Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides, and decrease opportunities to cross them--- especially for young people. The research of Till Von Wachter, the economist in Columbia University, suggests that not all people graduating into a recession see their life chances dimmed: those with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwise would have been if they had graduated in better times; it is the masses beneath them that are left behind。
In the internet age, it is particularly easy to see the resentment that has always been hidden within American society. More difficult, in the moment, is discerning precisely how these lean times are affecting society’s character. In many respects, the U.S. was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history, and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then have shown mixed results. We will have to wait and see exactly how these hard times will reshape our social fabric. But they certainly it, and all the more so the longer they extend。
36.By saying “to find silver linings”(Line 1,Para.2)the author suggest that the jobless try to___。
[A]seek subsidies from the government
[B]explore reasons for the unemployment
[C]make profits from the troubled economy
[D]look on the bright side of the recession
37. According to Paragraph 2,the recession has made people_____。
[A]realize the national dream
[B]struggle against each other
[C]challenge their lifestyle
[D]reconsider their lifestyle
38. Benjamin Friedman believed that economic recession may_____。
[A]impose a heavier burden on immigrants
[B]bring out more evils of human nature
[C]Promote the advance of rights and freedoms
[D]ease conflicts between races and classes
39. The research of Till Von Wachther suggests that in recession graduates from elite universities tend to _____。
[A]lag behind the others due to decreased opportunities
[B]catch up quickly with experienced employees
[C]see their life chances as dimmed as the others’
[D]recover more quickly than the others
40. The author thinks that the influence of hard times on society is____。
[A]certain
[B]positive
[C]trivial
[D]destructive
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