Question

一道英语选择题，高手指教

He was among the few people _______ the crash that happened yesterday.

A. to have survived B surviving C survived D. having been survived

答案是A. 高手说下为什么是A 为什么B不对？
有很多人选C. 这里不妨补充问一下， 过去分词，也就是v-ed结构做定语时有两种意思：
1） 表示被动含义 The book bought in the store is interesting.
2) 表示完成含义： 常见的有 fallen leaves 落叶
developed countries 发达国家
那么如果我们用v-ed来表示完成的含义， 适用条件又是什么？

Answer 1

一道英语选择题，高手指教
检举 | 离问题结束还有 14 天 0 小时 提问者：damnedsheep | 悬赏分：5 | 浏览次数：121次
He was among the few people _______ the crash that happened yesterday.

A. to have survived B surviving C survived D. having been survived

答案是A. 高手说下为什么是A 为什么B不对？
答：在选答案之前，我想到的是定语从句who had suvived (in)... ,这个定语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时是为了说明它发生在主句was among ...这个表述时间之前，强调对当时的影响或结果。改成非谓语动词，因为不能用having survived 作后置定语，所以用了to have done 这个不定式的完成主动式。 C. 是过去分词表示被动，而people与suvive是主动关系。D.不仅不能作后定语，与C一样没有搞清逻辑主语people与survive的主动关系。应首先排除CD.
B.为现在分词的主动一般式。它表示一个正在发生或与主句同时发生的动作。与实际情况不符。

追问

这个回答很好，继续问下，不定式做定语有哪些条件？按照你的讲法那么下面的句子是否成立？
The accident to have happened yesterday is really terrible.

追答

理论上成立，实际上很不好，很少见。我没有这样的语感。感觉是为造例句而造的句子。实际上说：The accident happened yesterday (somewhere) . It was terrible. 或The accident which happened yesterday in somewhere was really terrible.每天都有很多accidents, 昨天也不例外。光用一个yesterday作限制性定语是不够的。最好再加上个地点状语作限定。不定式作定语，从用一般式表将来。不定式的完成式用作定语的很少。多为：sb. is said to have done sth. 这样的句型。

Answer 2

among the few+ to do 或
among the few+ who…
也就是说，He was among the few people to have survived the crash that happened yesterday.
或 He was among the few people who had survived the crash that happened yesterday.
这里的过去完成时表示过去的过去发生的事对过去的影响。

Answer 3

He was among the few people to have survived the crash that happened yesterday.
选A正确，他是昨天发生车祸中幸免于难的少数人之一。完成 表事故发生过去对现在造成的影响是他活着；was + to v 表 将来，即事故后来survive(幸存)的。多想想就是这样的。

追问

不定式的完成时to have done 表示的应该是发生在谓语动词前啊

Answer 4

A to have surved 应该是不定式做定语了修饰前面的people.

追问

问题是这里为什么能用 to have done 做定语呢？

追答

不定式完成时态做定语，表示的动作先已完成。

Answer 5

A （凭语感） ,如果选c ，缺少主语，应该加上who ，因为这儿的survived不是表被动，而是过去式，所以前面加主语who

Answer 6

选A