主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句有什么区别?举例说明一下吧!^o^ 30
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1..位置不同:理论上讲,主语从句在主语的位置(当然实际中会有变式,如后面提到的头沉问题),表语在表语的位置,其他同理
2..语法功能不同:这是关键。主语从句充当主语,(可能是直接形式主语。也可能是逻辑主语,因为形式上,主语可能有代词充当,如it),表语从句起表语作用,其他同理
3..从句是相对于主句来说的,从句是套在主句里面的小橘子。在一个简单句里,每个语法成分基本都是一个词组充当的,如:It is obvious.(这是很显然的。)it 充当主语,is 系动词,obvious表语。
但是实际语言使用中,我们总想用一个橘子表达尽可能多的信息量,却远远不止是一个简单句可以完全囊括的。如句子:他是对的是很显然的(即:很显然,他是对的),想表达充当主语的内容:“他是对的”,显然,一个词组或一个结构是不够的,为此就需要引进从句,按照语法规则,内嵌进主句中:如,That he is right is obvious。that he is right,充当主语成分,是个分句,所以,叫主语从句。当然,为了美感,也就是常说的,避免头沉,我们常说,It is obvious that he is right。其他从句,同理。
例:
1...在That he is right is obvious。中,主语从句是That he is right,直接的形式上的主语;变式--->>> 在 It is obvious that he is right. 中,that he is right 是主语从句,是逻辑主语,即真正的句子主语,形式主语是It。
2...表语从句:What he is interested in is how to make money。表从是how to make money,作表语。
3...同位语从句:用来解释展开所修饰的同位语所包含的信息的从句。如:比较经典的:The news came that they won。/ The news that they won came.
that they won 都是the news 的同位语从句,即the news 所包含的新闻内容就是他们赢了
4...宾语从句:最常见的:I think that you are right。宾从 that you are right,做think的宾语。
2..语法功能不同:这是关键。主语从句充当主语,(可能是直接形式主语。也可能是逻辑主语,因为形式上,主语可能有代词充当,如it),表语从句起表语作用,其他同理
3..从句是相对于主句来说的,从句是套在主句里面的小橘子。在一个简单句里,每个语法成分基本都是一个词组充当的,如:It is obvious.(这是很显然的。)it 充当主语,is 系动词,obvious表语。
但是实际语言使用中,我们总想用一个橘子表达尽可能多的信息量,却远远不止是一个简单句可以完全囊括的。如句子:他是对的是很显然的(即:很显然,他是对的),想表达充当主语的内容:“他是对的”,显然,一个词组或一个结构是不够的,为此就需要引进从句,按照语法规则,内嵌进主句中:如,That he is right is obvious。that he is right,充当主语成分,是个分句,所以,叫主语从句。当然,为了美感,也就是常说的,避免头沉,我们常说,It is obvious that he is right。其他从句,同理。
例:
1...在That he is right is obvious。中,主语从句是That he is right,直接的形式上的主语;变式--->>> 在 It is obvious that he is right. 中,that he is right 是主语从句,是逻辑主语,即真正的句子主语,形式主语是It。
2...表语从句:What he is interested in is how to make money。表从是how to make money,作表语。
3...同位语从句:用来解释展开所修饰的同位语所包含的信息的从句。如:比较经典的:The news came that they won。/ The news that they won came.
that they won 都是the news 的同位语从句,即the news 所包含的新闻内容就是他们赢了
4...宾语从句:最常见的:I think that you are right。宾从 that you are right,做think的宾语。
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承认是从网上找来的,不过难道能找到啊,分给我吧,还是比较详细的,你这个懒虫
一、定语从句与表语从句
1.Is the
factory where he worked near your school?他工作过的工厂靠近你学校吗?
2.Is the
factory the one where he worked?这就是他工作过的工厂吗?
3.Is the
factory where he worked?这工厂就是他工作过的地方吗?
析:这三个句子结构相似,均是主系表结构。若先将疑问句变为陈述句,再判断其从句的功能有助于理解。上述例句分别可变为:1)The
factorywhere he worked is near our school.2)The factory
is the one where he worked.3)The factory
is where he worked.显然句1、2中的从句为定语从句,句3中的从句为表语从句。
二、同位语从句与定语从句
1.The news that
they had won the match inspired us greatly.他们赢得了比赛的消息极大地鼓舞了我们。
2.The news that
they told us yesterday proved true.他们昨天告诉我们的消息结果证明是真的。
析:判断that从句是定语从句还是同位语从句,方法是去掉that后,从句结构完整的,是同位语从句,不完整的是定语从句。如句1,去掉that,从句为they had won the match,结构完整,所以句1中的从句为同位语从句;句2,去掉that,从句为they told us yesterday,缺少直接宾语,结构不完整,所以句5中的从句为定语从句。
三、定语从句与结果状语从句
1.It is so big
a stone that no one can lift it.石头太大,没有人能搬起来。
2.It is so big
a stone as no one can lift.那是没人能搬起来的大石头。
3.He made such
rapid progress that before long he began to write articles inEnglish.他进步很快,不久就开始用英语写文章了。
4.They talked
about such things as I didn't understand.他们谈论一些我不懂的事情。
5.I want to buy
the same dictionary as you have.我想买你的那种词典。
析:so/such…that中的that是从属连词,引导结果状语从句,如句1、3;而so/such/the same…as均是固定搭配,其中as是关系代词,引导定语从句,如句2、4、5。另外so…as也可引导方式状语从句,如He's not so bright as
hissister(is).
四、强调结构与主语从句(it为形式主语)
1.It was the
cat's eyes that he had seen in the darkness.他在黑暗中看见的是猫的眼睛。
2.It's very
clear that he's didn't understand us.非常清楚,他没听懂我们的意思。
五、what从句与that从句
1.What he told
me is really true.他所告诉我的确实是真的。
=The thing that he told me is really
true.
2.They are just
what I want.这些正是我所想要的。
=They are just the things that I
want.
3.We'll use
what we have to get a new dress for you.我们要倾其所有为你买一件新衣服。
=We'll use all that we have to get a
new dress for you.
析:what引导名词性从句时,它既在主句中作成分,又在从句中作成分,意义上相当于the thing(s)that,all that等,可引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句,如句1、2、3。而that引导名词性从句时,不作任何成分(that引导定语从句除外)。另外,虽然what不引导定语从句,但以what引导的其他名词性从句,大都可改写为定语从句,如上述三例句。
一、定语从句与表语从句
1.Is the
factory where he worked near your school?他工作过的工厂靠近你学校吗?
2.Is the
factory the one where he worked?这就是他工作过的工厂吗?
3.Is the
factory where he worked?这工厂就是他工作过的地方吗?
析:这三个句子结构相似,均是主系表结构。若先将疑问句变为陈述句,再判断其从句的功能有助于理解。上述例句分别可变为:1)The
factorywhere he worked is near our school.2)The factory
is the one where he worked.3)The factory
is where he worked.显然句1、2中的从句为定语从句,句3中的从句为表语从句。
二、同位语从句与定语从句
1.The news that
they had won the match inspired us greatly.他们赢得了比赛的消息极大地鼓舞了我们。
2.The news that
they told us yesterday proved true.他们昨天告诉我们的消息结果证明是真的。
析:判断that从句是定语从句还是同位语从句,方法是去掉that后,从句结构完整的,是同位语从句,不完整的是定语从句。如句1,去掉that,从句为they had won the match,结构完整,所以句1中的从句为同位语从句;句2,去掉that,从句为they told us yesterday,缺少直接宾语,结构不完整,所以句5中的从句为定语从句。
三、定语从句与结果状语从句
1.It is so big
a stone that no one can lift it.石头太大,没有人能搬起来。
2.It is so big
a stone as no one can lift.那是没人能搬起来的大石头。
3.He made such
rapid progress that before long he began to write articles inEnglish.他进步很快,不久就开始用英语写文章了。
4.They talked
about such things as I didn't understand.他们谈论一些我不懂的事情。
5.I want to buy
the same dictionary as you have.我想买你的那种词典。
析:so/such…that中的that是从属连词,引导结果状语从句,如句1、3;而so/such/the same…as均是固定搭配,其中as是关系代词,引导定语从句,如句2、4、5。另外so…as也可引导方式状语从句,如He's not so bright as
hissister(is).
四、强调结构与主语从句(it为形式主语)
1.It was the
cat's eyes that he had seen in the darkness.他在黑暗中看见的是猫的眼睛。
2.It's very
clear that he's didn't understand us.非常清楚,他没听懂我们的意思。
五、what从句与that从句
1.What he told
me is really true.他所告诉我的确实是真的。
=The thing that he told me is really
true.
2.They are just
what I want.这些正是我所想要的。
=They are just the things that I
want.
3.We'll use
what we have to get a new dress for you.我们要倾其所有为你买一件新衣服。
=We'll use all that we have to get a
new dress for you.
析:what引导名词性从句时,它既在主句中作成分,又在从句中作成分,意义上相当于the thing(s)that,all that等,可引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句,如句1、2、3。而that引导名词性从句时,不作任何成分(that引导定语从句除外)。另外,虽然what不引导定语从句,但以what引导的其他名词性从句,大都可改写为定语从句,如上述三例句。
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英语中从句分为名词性从句,定语从句和状语从句。
名词性分为主,表,同,宾四种。要看其位置。如果在整个句子中做主语,则为主从。
What he said was not true. 中 What he said 是主语,was 是系词,true是表语。则此复合句含有一个主语从句。
宾从和表从的位置一样,但在be动词之后的从句叫表语从句;其余则叫宾语从句。如
This is what i am concerned about. what 引导表从
He said that he was concerned about the issue. 这里that 引导的则为宾从。
宾从要注意从句时态要与主句保持一致
同位从句貌似定语从句,但先行词比较特殊,必须是order, plan, suggestion, news之类的词,如
The news that he won the top prize was quite shocking. that 引导的同位从中,主谓宾十分完整,也就是说,先行词that 在同位从中不做任何成分。而且必须也只能用that 来引领同位从,that不可以省略。
The book that i read yesterday was very inspiring. 这里that引导的是定从,that在定从中做read 的宾语,并且可以省略。
名词性分为主,表,同,宾四种。要看其位置。如果在整个句子中做主语,则为主从。
What he said was not true. 中 What he said 是主语,was 是系词,true是表语。则此复合句含有一个主语从句。
宾从和表从的位置一样,但在be动词之后的从句叫表语从句;其余则叫宾语从句。如
This is what i am concerned about. what 引导表从
He said that he was concerned about the issue. 这里that 引导的则为宾从。
宾从要注意从句时态要与主句保持一致
同位从句貌似定语从句,但先行词比较特殊,必须是order, plan, suggestion, news之类的词,如
The news that he won the top prize was quite shocking. that 引导的同位从中,主谓宾十分完整,也就是说,先行词that 在同位从中不做任何成分。而且必须也只能用that 来引领同位从,that不可以省略。
The book that i read yesterday was very inspiring. 这里that引导的是定从,that在定从中做read 的宾语,并且可以省略。
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