Question

主语从句与同位语从句的区别

Answer 1

引导词（关系词）定语从句和同位语从句共Tong的引导词有四个：that，when，where，why。Xia面把四个引导词分成两类说明它们在两种从Ju中的不同用法。
　　1．引导词that
　　Yin导定语从句的that叫做关系代词，它除了起连Jie作用，还在定语从句中充当一定成分，并且Zai意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫Zuo从属连词，它只起连接作用。不能省略。
　　例如：
　　①The news [that you told me yesterday] was really exciting．
　　②We heard the news [that our team had won]．
　　Zai①句中，括号部分是定语从句，that在从句中Zuo宾语，在意义上指代先行词news。
　　在②Ju中，括号部分是同位语从句，that没有任何意Yi，只起连接作用。
　　2．引导词when，where，why
　　Yin导定语从句时，它们叫做关系副词，在从句Zhong充当状语，可以转换成"介词+关系代词"De形式；引导同位语从句时，它们叫做连接副词，Zai从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词+关系Dai词"的形式。
　　例如：
　　①I will never forget the day [when I joined the army]．
　　②We have no idea [when she was born]．
　　Zai①句中，括号部分是定语从句，when在从句中Zuo状语，它可以转换成on which的形式；
　　Zai②句中，括号部分是同位语从句， when在从Ju中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词+关系代词"De形式。
　　③This is the house [where I lived two years ago]．
　　④He put forward to the question [where the meeting would be held]．
　　Zai③句中，括号部分是定语从句，where在从Ju中作状语，它可以转换成in which的形Shi；
　　在④句中，括号部分是同位语从句， whereZai从句中充当状语，但不能转换成"介词+关系代Ci"的形式。
　　⑤This is the reason [why she will not attend the meeting]．
　　⑥The teacher had no idea [why Jack was absent]．
　　Zai⑤句中，括号部分是定语从句，whyZai从句中作状语，它可以转换成for whichDe形式；在⑥句 中，划线部分是同位语从Ju，why在从句中充当状语，但不能转Huan成"介词+关系代词"的形式。同位语、定Yu从句区别that 既可引导同位语从句又可引导Ding语从句，其区别在于：1.同位语从句由连接Cithat引导，连接词that本身无意义，在同Wei语从句中不充当任何成分，不可省略，不可以用Qi他词替代；2.定语从句由关系代词thatYin导，关系代词that在从句中充当一Ding的成分，作宾语时可省略.
　　由when，where，whyYin导的 同位语从句和定语从句的区别在于：Tong位语从句由连接副词只起连接作用，没有指代Zuo用； 定语从句由关系副词引导，关系Fu词具有指代先行词的作用，常用一个介词加关系代Ci替换。例如：I will never forget the day when we first met. （Ding语从句，when为关系副词） That is the special day (which/that) I will never forget. （Ding语从句，which/that为关系代词，Zuoforget的宾语） This is the house where we lived fifteen years ago. （Ding语从句，where为关系副词） This is the house which we sold fifteen years ago. （Ding语从句，which为关系代词，作sold的Bin语）.

Answer 2

"主语从句，1 句首，疑问句或that+完整句子。2 It+动词+疑问词/that。
引导词：疑问词和that，that不可省略。
同位语从句，不可能在句首，跟主语从句根本不搭边！同位语从句在名词后，解释名词或一个句子。这些 名词有观点类idea,opinion，事实消息类fact, news, word, story，建议类suggestion, 愿望类，hope, wish。
引导词：疑问词和that，that不可省略。
主语从句一般是一句话在句子中做主语。
同位语从句，一般是that后面加一句话，和前面的一个词呼应，说的是同一件事情。位语从句属于名词性从句，大多由从属连词that引导，常常跟在fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同位关系。例如：
They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.他们很熟悉这一观点，所有的物质都是由原子构成的。
"

Answer 3

主语从句(Subject Clause)
定义:在复合句中充当主语的句子叫做主语从句.
第一部分：常规主语从句，即句子在复合句中充当一个主语
主语从句的时态：不受主句的时态影响和限制。
（1）That he finished writing the composition in such a short time surprised us all.
（2）Whether we will go for an outing tomorrow remains unknown.
（3）Who will be our monitor hasn't been decided yet.
（4） Whom we must study for is a question of great importance.
（5）What caused the accident remains unknown.
（6）Whatever you did is right.
（7）Whose watch was lost is unknown.
（8）What we need is time.
（9）What we need are good doctors.
小结:
（1)引导主语从句连词有that,whether,who,what,whatever等
（2)连词位于句首不能省略
（3)主语从句大多数情况下视为三单,但也有例外,如例9
第二部分：为了防止句子头重脚轻，通常把形式主语it放在主语位置，真正主语搁置于句末
（1）It is certain that he will win the match.
（2）It is true that he has made a very important discovery in chemistry.
（3）It is very likely that they will hold a meeting.
（4）It is strange that he should do that.
（5）It is important that we all should attend the meeting.
（6）It is strange that the man should have stuck to his silly ideas.
（7）It is a pity that we won't be able to go to the south to spend our summer vacation.
（8）It is still a mystery what caused the accident.
（9）It is said that he has gone to shanghai.(=He is said to have gone to shanghai)
（10）It is known to all that the gun powder was first invented by the Chinese.
（11）It is suggested that the work should be done with great care.
（12）It seems that he has seen the film.(=He seems to have seen the film)
（13）It happened that the two cheats were there. (=The two cheats happened to be there)
小结:
（1)以that 引出的主语从句,常以形式主语it引导. It is +形容词/名词/某些动词ed + that 从句.
（2) 在有些that从句中要用虚拟语气 (should+do/should+have done)例句4,5,6,11.
主语从句与宾语从句两者的用法和在句中的作用是不同的，下面从它们的各自用法，介绍：）~

同位语从句属于名词性从句，大多由从属连词that引导，常常跟在fact, idea, opinion, news, hope, belief等名词后面。同位语从句一般用来解释或说明这些名词的具体含义或内容，在逻辑上表现为同位关系。例如：

They are familiar with the opinion that all matter consists of atoms.他们很熟悉这一观点，所有的物质都是由原子构成的。

1、从先行词来看

同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是"主语＋be＋表语"的关系。该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。例如：

They were delighted at the news that their team had won.当听到他们的球队赢了的消息时，他们欣喜若狂。

2、从引导词来看

引导词that在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词义，that不可省略；that在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分---主语或宾语，有具体词意，作宾语时还可以省略。试比较：

The factory(that)we visited yesterday is a chemical one.我们昨天参观的那家工厂是化工厂。(that在从句中作宾语，所以此句是宾语从句)

The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.他将要去上海的消息是真的。(that只起连接从句的作用，所以此句是同谓语从句)

Answer 4

主语从句是整个主句的主语。它的位置一个是在整个主句之前，一个是在后面用it 做形式主语。如
What he said is true.(what he said是主语从句)
It is certain that he will come.(that he will come是主语从句)
而同位语从句是对一名词或代词的解释说明。它的位置在这一名词或代词之后，有的也被很短的谓语动词隔开。如 The news that he will come is true.(that he will come是同位语从句）
Word came that we will have an examination.(that we will have an examination是同位语从句)

Answer 5

1. 作主语的从句叫主语从句，也可以用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在后面：
That he is ill is true. = It is true that he is ill.
2. 同位语用来对前面的名词作进一步解释、说明、补充, 若同位语是一个句子，就叫同位语从句。同位语也有限制性和非选择性两种，逗号是非选择性的标志：
We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.
Mr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.
We heard the news that our team had won．
I had no idea that you were here.