《后汉书 宋均传》 翻译
《宋均字叔庠,南阳安众人也。以父任为郎,时年十五,好经书,每休沐日,辄受业博士,通《诗》《礼》,善论难。至二十余,调补辰阳长。其俗少学者而信巫鬼,均为立学校,禁绝淫祀,人...
《宋均字叔庠,南阳安众人也。以父任为郎,时年十五,好经书,每休沐日,辄受业博士,通《诗》《礼》,善论难。至二十余,调补辰阳长。其俗少学者而信巫鬼,均为立学校,禁绝淫祀,人皆安之。迁上蔡令,时禁人丧葬不得侈长,均曰:“夫送终逾制,失之轻者。今有不义之民,尚未循化,而遽罚过礼,非政之先。”竟不肯施行。迁九江太守,郡多虎暴,数为民患,常募设槛阱而犹多伤害。均曰:“夫虎豹在山,鼋鼍在水,各有所托。且江淮之有猛兽,犹北土之有鸡豚也。今为民害,咎在残吏,而劳勤张捕,非忧恤之本也。其务退奸贪,思进忠善,可一去槛阱,除削课制。”其后传言虎相与东游渡江。中元元年,多蝗,其飞至九江界者,辄东西散去,由是名称远近。》 这一段翻译 紧急 谢谢
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宋均字叔痒,南阳安众人。父亲宋伯,建武初任五官中郎将。宋均父亲的官职而担任郎,当时才十五岁,喜好经书,每次沐日休息,便向博士学习,精通《诗》、《礼》,善于辩论。到二十多岁时,被调补任辰阳长。这里的习俗是很少有人学习而相信巫术鬼神,宋均为他们建立学校,禁绝过分的祭祀,百姓都很安定。后来因为祖母去世而辞去官职,在颍川客居教书。
后来,宋均升任为上蔡县令,当时官府下令,禁止百姓在丧葬过程中不得过分奢侈。宋均说:“送终而超过了礼制,过失是很轻的。如今有不义之民,还没有被教化,却仓促对超过礼制进行处罚,不是政治的当务之急。”最终也不肯实行。
后来升任九江太守。此郡中多有猛虎横行,多次造成百姓祸患,郡府常招募猎人设立机关陷阱却仍有许多人受到伤害。宋均到任后,给他的下属县送去公文说:“虎豹在山中,鼋鼍在水中,它们各有所依托。况且江淮地区有猛兽,如同北方有鸡猪。如今成为百姓的祸害,罪责在于残酷的官吏,而劳动人力多次张网捕捉,不是担忧救济的根本。还是努力除去奸吏贪官,想着推举忠诚善良之人,可以一一除去机关陷阱,削除减少赋税征收。”此后听说老虎向东渡过了长江。中元元年,山阳、楚、沛出现了许多蝗虫,那些飞至九江境界的,便都向东西散去,因此宋均的名声受到远近之人的称赞。
浚遒县有唐、后二山,百姓共同祭祀它们,众巫师便选取百姓中的少年男女做为山公山婆来祭祀,年年换人,事过之后人们不敢与做过山公山婆的人家结亲,以前的郡守县令不敢禁止。宋均就下文书说:“从今以后,为山娶妇的人都从巫师家娶,不要侵扰良民。”于是此种活动从此断绝。
永平元年,升任东海相,在位五年,因犯法被免官,客居颍川教书。然而东海吏民思念宋均的恩德教化,为他制作颂歌,到朝廷请求让他回去的人有数千人。显宗因为他的才能,七年,征召授予尚书令。每次反驳他人意见,大多符合天子的心意。宋均曾经删除可疑之事,帝认为有阴谋,大怒,把郎官捆绑起来进行拷打。众尚书很害怕,都叩头请罪。宋均回头严肃地说:“忠臣执行仁义,没有二心。如果害怕威胁失去正义,宋均即使死,也不会改变意志。”小黄门在旁边,上前将全部事情汇报给皇上。皇帝称赞他不屈服,当即命令宽恕郎官,升任宋均为司隶校尉。数月之后,出任为河内太守,政治教化得到普遍施行。
宋均曾卧病在家,百姓中的老年人为他祈祷请求,早晚前来问候起居情况,他就是这样受到百姓的爱戴。宋均因为有病上书请求免去官职,皇帝下诏授予他的儿子宋条为太子舍人。宋均亲自扶车到朝廷谢恩,皇帝派中黄门来慰问,顺便留下他养病。司徒职位缺人,皇帝因为宋均的才干可以担任宰相,便召他入朝看望他的病情,让两名养马人扶着他。宋均拜谢说:“上天处罚有罪的人,我的病如今十分严重,不能再在朝廷来侍奉陛下了!”于是流着泪告辞。皇帝十分悲伤,召宋条扶侍宋均出去,赐给他钱三十万。
宋均性格宽容和缓,不喜好文书法律,常常认为如果官吏能够仁爱厚道,即使贪污放纵,仍没有什么危害;至于苛刻地审察的人,自身或许廉洁守法,但伪诈狡猾刻薄削减,毒害百姓,这才是他们造成灾害和人民流亡的缘由。在他任尚书时,常想要叩头争辩,因为当时皇帝正严厉急迫,年以就不敢陈说。皇帝后来听到他的话而追思哀伤他。建初元年,在家中去世。
后来,宋均升任为上蔡县令,当时官府下令,禁止百姓在丧葬过程中不得过分奢侈。宋均说:“送终而超过了礼制,过失是很轻的。如今有不义之民,还没有被教化,却仓促对超过礼制进行处罚,不是政治的当务之急。”最终也不肯实行。
后来升任九江太守。此郡中多有猛虎横行,多次造成百姓祸患,郡府常招募猎人设立机关陷阱却仍有许多人受到伤害。宋均到任后,给他的下属县送去公文说:“虎豹在山中,鼋鼍在水中,它们各有所依托。况且江淮地区有猛兽,如同北方有鸡猪。如今成为百姓的祸害,罪责在于残酷的官吏,而劳动人力多次张网捕捉,不是担忧救济的根本。还是努力除去奸吏贪官,想着推举忠诚善良之人,可以一一除去机关陷阱,削除减少赋税征收。”此后听说老虎向东渡过了长江。中元元年,山阳、楚、沛出现了许多蝗虫,那些飞至九江境界的,便都向东西散去,因此宋均的名声受到远近之人的称赞。
浚遒县有唐、后二山,百姓共同祭祀它们,众巫师便选取百姓中的少年男女做为山公山婆来祭祀,年年换人,事过之后人们不敢与做过山公山婆的人家结亲,以前的郡守县令不敢禁止。宋均就下文书说:“从今以后,为山娶妇的人都从巫师家娶,不要侵扰良民。”于是此种活动从此断绝。
永平元年,升任东海相,在位五年,因犯法被免官,客居颍川教书。然而东海吏民思念宋均的恩德教化,为他制作颂歌,到朝廷请求让他回去的人有数千人。显宗因为他的才能,七年,征召授予尚书令。每次反驳他人意见,大多符合天子的心意。宋均曾经删除可疑之事,帝认为有阴谋,大怒,把郎官捆绑起来进行拷打。众尚书很害怕,都叩头请罪。宋均回头严肃地说:“忠臣执行仁义,没有二心。如果害怕威胁失去正义,宋均即使死,也不会改变意志。”小黄门在旁边,上前将全部事情汇报给皇上。皇帝称赞他不屈服,当即命令宽恕郎官,升任宋均为司隶校尉。数月之后,出任为河内太守,政治教化得到普遍施行。
宋均曾卧病在家,百姓中的老年人为他祈祷请求,早晚前来问候起居情况,他就是这样受到百姓的爱戴。宋均因为有病上书请求免去官职,皇帝下诏授予他的儿子宋条为太子舍人。宋均亲自扶车到朝廷谢恩,皇帝派中黄门来慰问,顺便留下他养病。司徒职位缺人,皇帝因为宋均的才干可以担任宰相,便召他入朝看望他的病情,让两名养马人扶着他。宋均拜谢说:“上天处罚有罪的人,我的病如今十分严重,不能再在朝廷来侍奉陛下了!”于是流着泪告辞。皇帝十分悲伤,召宋条扶侍宋均出去,赐给他钱三十万。
宋均性格宽容和缓,不喜好文书法律,常常认为如果官吏能够仁爱厚道,即使贪污放纵,仍没有什么危害;至于苛刻地审察的人,自身或许廉洁守法,但伪诈狡猾刻薄削减,毒害百姓,这才是他们造成灾害和人民流亡的缘由。在他任尚书时,常想要叩头争辩,因为当时皇帝正严厉急迫,年以就不敢陈说。皇帝后来听到他的话而追思哀伤他。建初元年,在家中去世。
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宋均字叔庠,南阳安众人也。以父任为郎,时年十五,好经书,每休沐日,辄受业博士,通《诗》《礼》,善论难。
Song Jun , alias Shu-Yang was born in AnZhong pertained Nanyang shire town. He succeed to his father’s official position when he was fifteen years old . He always learned from the doctor in his free time because relishing for classicalities. He understood the SHI and LI so giving reasons for anyone was his favorite .
至二十余,调补辰阳长。其俗少学者而信巫鬼,均为立学校,禁绝淫祀,人皆安之。
To his one score years and over ,he was transferred to Chen-Yang to be a director. So many lads of the village were superstitious at that time . And then schools were set up by him , the ya gave up evil and returned to good at all.
迁上蔡令,时禁人丧葬不得侈长,均曰:“夫送终逾制,失之轻者。今有不义之民,尚未循化,而遽罚过礼,非政之先。”竟不肯施行。
Before long,he was transferred to Shang-Cai to be a director. Burial service excessively were forbidden in that place. He declared:” Though buries were foul here but footy .It would be a bad government order to punish the civilian here that not be civilized ” Then he refused to execute that law in the end.
迁九江太守,郡多虎暴,数为民患,常募设槛阱而犹多伤害。均曰:“夫虎豹在山,鼋鼍在水,各有所托。且江淮之有猛兽,犹北土之有鸡豚也。今为民害,咎在残吏,而劳勤张捕,非忧恤之本也。其务退奸贪,思进忠善,可一去槛阱,除削课制。”
Jiu-Jiang ,a shire that he was assumed new duties ,there were many tigers and people were harmed many times although cages and traps were set up to catch as catch can . Song said :” Tigers and leopards lives in mountains and turtles lives in waters here , it’s equal to the pigs and chooks that live in north. Tough officials can't understand the ultimate truth of rule .It is the cause of people being harmed by tigers . Supposed to get rid of greed and duplicities but call for
fealties . shackle and tyrannies would be revoked drastically,
其后传言虎相与东游渡江。
Thereafter It’s to be said tigers crossed the river to east completely.
中元元年,多蝗,其飞至九江界者,辄东西散去,由是名称远近。
First year of ZhongYuan , grasshopper is overrunning but dorping away to east and west .never flying over JiuJiang . JiuJiang is famous for this story .
Song Jun , alias Shu-Yang was born in AnZhong pertained Nanyang shire town. He succeed to his father’s official position when he was fifteen years old . He always learned from the doctor in his free time because relishing for classicalities. He understood the SHI and LI so giving reasons for anyone was his favorite .
至二十余,调补辰阳长。其俗少学者而信巫鬼,均为立学校,禁绝淫祀,人皆安之。
To his one score years and over ,he was transferred to Chen-Yang to be a director. So many lads of the village were superstitious at that time . And then schools were set up by him , the ya gave up evil and returned to good at all.
迁上蔡令,时禁人丧葬不得侈长,均曰:“夫送终逾制,失之轻者。今有不义之民,尚未循化,而遽罚过礼,非政之先。”竟不肯施行。
Before long,he was transferred to Shang-Cai to be a director. Burial service excessively were forbidden in that place. He declared:” Though buries were foul here but footy .It would be a bad government order to punish the civilian here that not be civilized ” Then he refused to execute that law in the end.
迁九江太守,郡多虎暴,数为民患,常募设槛阱而犹多伤害。均曰:“夫虎豹在山,鼋鼍在水,各有所托。且江淮之有猛兽,犹北土之有鸡豚也。今为民害,咎在残吏,而劳勤张捕,非忧恤之本也。其务退奸贪,思进忠善,可一去槛阱,除削课制。”
Jiu-Jiang ,a shire that he was assumed new duties ,there were many tigers and people were harmed many times although cages and traps were set up to catch as catch can . Song said :” Tigers and leopards lives in mountains and turtles lives in waters here , it’s equal to the pigs and chooks that live in north. Tough officials can't understand the ultimate truth of rule .It is the cause of people being harmed by tigers . Supposed to get rid of greed and duplicities but call for
fealties . shackle and tyrannies would be revoked drastically,
其后传言虎相与东游渡江。
Thereafter It’s to be said tigers crossed the river to east completely.
中元元年,多蝗,其飞至九江界者,辄东西散去,由是名称远近。
First year of ZhongYuan , grasshopper is overrunning but dorping away to east and west .never flying over JiuJiang . JiuJiang is famous for this story .
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