文言文否定句中状语从句
1. 【状语从句的100常见题】
一、时间状语从句：1、连接词when、while、as⑴when ①正当…时候 be about to…ving…②从句动词先于或后于主语动作⑵while： 可表示对比（从句只用连续性动词）⑶as： “一边一边”“随着”省略句中： eg: As time goes on…随着时间的推移 As a boy,hewao hopeless at English.2、before,after before常用句型：It is/was/will be…before eg: It will be 5 years before we meet again.3、till,until①用于肯定句中“直到…为止”，主句谓语为持续性动词②用于否定句中“直到…才”，主句谓语为短暂性动词（until,till可用before代替）③Not until位于句首 倒装④强调句型只用until二、地点状语从句：where,wherever,everywhere也可引导定语从句：状语从句：We shall go where the condition are poor.定语从句：We shall go the place where the condition are poor.三、原因状语从句1、because\since\as⑴①用why提问②强调句中③关联词“not…but”④与“just”等副词连用 eg:You shouldn't any only because you had much.⑵since引导从句常放句首，往往表示对方已知的让步原因关系，主从时态一般相同⑶as从句放句首2、now(that) 既然3、considering that,seeing (that)：与since,now that意相近： “鉴于…”“考虑到…”4、not that…，but that…“不是因为…而是因为…”四、目的状语从句1、that,so that,in order that“为了，以便”⑴从句中往往出现情态动词：can\could\may\might⑵当主从句的主语一致时，可转换为相应动词不定式结构：so as to\in order to2、in case,for fear that,lest“以防、以免、万一..”从句是肯定句五、结果状语从句1、so,that,so that so that可以引导结果状语从句和目的状语从句，区别在于：目的状从中有情动（结果状从前有“，”号）2、so…that such a\an +形+单名=so+形+a\an+单名 “如此…以至于”3、such…that such…that（状从） such…as（定从）4、such that （是这样…以致）六、条件状语从句：主句中用一般将来时，从句中用一般现在时或一般过去时1、if正面条件“如果”2、unless. 反面条件=if not 主句为否定意味，从句为肯定句（从句也可用否定结构） unless做介词 “除非，如果不”3、so\as long as,on condition that “条件是…”“只要..”4、in case既可引导目的状，又可引导条件状=”if it happened that…”5、providing,provided that, suppsing,suppose (that),given (that) “如果，只要，假如”七、方式状语从句1、as,just as“如…”“正如…一样”Do just as you like2、as if, as though （虚拟语气）八、比较状语从句1、as…as,the same as. 否定句用not so\as…as,not the same as从句中常用省略句： eg:He runs as fast as he can.2、than3、the more…the more…“越…越…”4、more than九、让步状语从句1、although,though.句中不出现but，可出现still\yet（副词）though的位置较灵活，可倒装2、even if,even though“即使” even if表主观，时态往往用于将来 even though通常表客观上的，往往表过去事实3、no matter wh…只用于让步状语从句 wh..ever 让步状从/名词性从句4、as特殊倒状5、while,whereas突出对比6、if(=even if) 强调部分（n.\adj.\adv.\v.） +as+主+谓（可以是情动）1. I get to Pairs, I'll call you up at the airport. A.Since B.While C.Once D.Although 2. the headmaster es, we won't discuss this plan. A. Unless B.If not C.Except D.Whether 3.Bill must have been away from the office. how many times I phoned him, nobody answered it. A.Whatever B.No matter C.In spite of D.Though 4.I had been to Beijing long you visited it. A.before B.till C.after D.when 5. , he is good at drawing. A.To be a child B.A child as he is C.As a child D.Child as he is 6.Don*t be discouraged you have fallen behind others. A.whether B.as if C.even if D.however 7. We can get there on time the car doesn't break down. A. while B. as long as C. so that D. even if 8. The vase on the left is than the one on the right,and not . A. more nicer;so expensive B. much more better;as expensive C. nicer;as expensive D. better;such expensive 9. It wasn't long he joined the job. A.that B.before C.until D.and 10. These planes can fly than the old ones. A.as fast three times B.three times as fast C.three times fast D.three times faster 11. had the bell rung the students took their seats. A.Hardly;when B.No sooner;when C.Hardly;than D.No sooner;then 12. many times,but he still couldn't understand it. A.Having been told B. Though had been told C. He was told D. Having told 13. we have e, let's stay and enjoy it. A. For B.As C. Because D. Since 14.You'd better do you are required. A. like B.which C.that D.as 15. that none of us could follow him. A. He spoke very fast B. So fast he spoke C. Too fast he spoke D. So fast did he speak 16.I'll start early, it may be dark. A. however B.whether C.if D.though 17. the baby fell asleep the room. A. After;did the mother leave B. Not until;did the mother leave C. Not until;the mother 。
2. before引导的状语从句,在肯定句中是什么意思,在否定句中又是什么
before引导的时间状语从句，在肯定句中是“在。之前”，
在否定句中也是“在。之前”。
不存在说在肯定句中是一个意思 ，在否定中又是一个意思。
I was a policeman before I came to the city.我来这个城市前是个警察。
I was not a policeman before I came to the city.我来这个城市前不是警察。
3. 【时间状语从句,until和until的用法,分别在什么情况下可以用,顺便
until“直到”，表示某一种行为一直持续到某一时间.用在肯定句中，句子的谓语动词必须是可延续性的.not。
until“直到。才”表示直到某一时间，某一行为才发生，之前该行为并没有发生.用在否定句中，主句中的谓语可以是延续性的也可以是短暂性动词.1.I studied Englis until 9 o'clock last night.我咋晚学英语一直学到9点钟.（表示9点前一直在学） 2.I did not study Englis until 9 o'clock last night.我咋晚直到9点钟才学英语.（表示9点才开始学） 3.I waited for five hours until it was dark.I had to give it up.4.I didn't go to sleep until 11 o'clock not until 还可以用于强调句中，也可以放在句首，句子要采用部分倒装 5.It was not until he came back that I went to sleep 6.Not until he came back did I go to sleep.。
4. 文言文中,状语从句（介宾短语）怎么辨别
状语在句中表示动作的时间、地点、原因、方式等特征，也可以修饰形容词，限定这个形容词的性质程度。
在文言文中除了副词和介宾结构可以做状语，普通名词直接作状语也相当普遍。比如：①又间令吴广之次所旁丛祠，夜篝火，狐鸣呼曰：“大楚兴，陈胜王。”
“夜”做时间状语，“狐”做方式状语（像狐狸一样）。（《陈涉世家》）②君为我呼入，吾得兄事之。
“兄”做方式状语（《鸿门宴》）③变姓名，诡踪迹，草行露宿。“草”和“露”做地点状语（《指南录后序》）④箕畚运于渤海之尾。
（《愚公移山》）“箕畚”做工具状语。⑤群臣吏民面刺寡人之过者，受上赏。
“面”做方式状语（当面）（《邹忌讽齐王纳谏》）。
5. 【宾语从句的肯定句怎样变否定句】
否定句的常见形式和用法 中学英语表达否定含义的句式形式多样，用法灵活.准确地掌握与否定相关的语句形式和用法，有助于提高英语阅读理解的准确性.本文就中学英语中否定句的常见形式和用法总结如下： 一、常见否定句：否定副词not, seldom, never, hardly, rarely, nowhere等与谓语动词连用.例如： I'm afraid that I can not attend your party this weekend. 恐怕这个周末我不能参加你们的聚会.I can hardly understand what he said just now. 我不能理解他刚才所说的话. 注意：这些否定副词用于句首时，主句要使用倒装语序.例如： Seldom does he go to work late. 他很少上班迟到. Nowhere else can you find such a beautiful sunset. 你在别的地方不能见到如此美丽的日落. Never in my life have I heard such nonsense！ 我这辈子从来没有听过这种废话！ 二、否定祈使句：由“Don't 或Never+ 动词原形”所构成.例如： Don't give up trying even though it is difficult to learn English！ 英语虽然难学，但千万别放弃尝试！ Do not cut down the tree that gives you shade. 切勿忘恩负义. Never judge people by their appearance. 不可以貌取人. 三、全部否定：由“否定主语（否定代词或no+名词）+ 肯定谓语”所构成.例如： Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人. None of us can speak French. 我们都不会讲法语. No man is born wise. 人非生而知之. 注意：常用“neither/nor + 助动词/情态动词 + 主语”来表达“某人也不……”.例如： Jim didn't know her secret, neither/nor did Jack. 吉姆不知道她的秘密，杰克也不知道. If you don't accept his invitation, neither shall I. 如果你不接受他的邀请，我也不接受. 四、否定转移：常见的否定转移有两种情况.1. 含有原因状语从句的主从复合句，形式上虽然否定主句的谓语，然而意义上则是否定该原因状语，译为“并不因为……而……”. 例如：Galileo was not ready to accept it just because Aristotle had said so.伽利略并不只是因为亚里斯多德说过某事如何如何，就轻易相信它.The mountain is not valuable because it is high. 山不在高.2. 当think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时，通常把从句中的not提前，把主句变成否定句，从句用肯定形式.例如：We don't believe that the news is true. 我们相信这个消息不是真的.I don't think that he is honest. 我认为他不诚实.注意：（1）把这些发生否定转移的句子变为反意疑问句时，疑问部分应与宾语从句主谓部分构成反意疑问句.例如：I don't think that he is honest, is he？ 我认为他不诚实.（2）not 常用在I think, I believe, I expect, I suppose, I guess, I'm afraid之后，构成省略句.例如：---Do you think it will be a fine day tomorrow? ---I'm afraid not. ---你认为明天天气会好吗？---恐怕不是.---Do you believe that Rocket will win the game? ---I believe not. (=I don't believe so.)---你相信火箭队会赢吗？---我看不会.五、否定疑问句：常用来表示反问、惊讶、建议、赞叹等语气.例如：Don't you know these traffic rules？ 难道你不知道这些交通规则吗？Aren't you supposed to be working？ 你不是应该正在干活吗？You look pale. Why don't you have a rest？ 你看起来脸色苍白，为什么不休息一会儿？Isn't it a lovely day？ 天气多好啊！注意：在回答否定疑问句时，要根据具体事实作答.例如：---Didn't you see the film Titanic yesterday? --- . I would like to have seen it. A. Yes, I did B. No, I didn't C. Yes, I didn't D. No, I did由于yes与肯定句连用，no与否定句连用，首先可排除C, D 两项.A, B 形式都正确，但从题目语境中最后一句话“我倒希望自己看了那部电影.”可知事实上我昨天没有看电影，故答案选B.如果把题干最后一句话改为“It's very moving.”，则说明我昨天看过电影，正确答案就应该选A.这种“根据事实作答”在运用中很不容易掌握，大家应该仔细体会其用法；同时，这种应答方法也适合于对“前否后肯型”反意疑问句和否定祈使句的回答.例如：---You haven't been to Beijing, have you?--- . And I visited the Summer Palace. A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I haven't C. No, I have D. No, I haven't 从答语提示可知事实上我去过北京，故答案选A.全句译为：“——你没有去过北京，是吗？——不，我去过.我还去参观过颐和园.”六、非谓语动词的否定式：通常把not或never放在非谓语动词to do, doing, p.p的前面.例如：I advised him not to *** oke but he wouldn't listen. 我劝他别抽烟，可他不愿意听.Not having received a reply, she wrote him another letter. 由于没有收到他的回信，她又给他写了一封信.Not allowed to take part in the game, they felt very disappointed. 因为不让他们参加比赛，他们感到非常失望.七、双重否定句：由两个否定词搭配构成，表示一个较强的肯定语气.例如：Without air or water, man can not live on the earth. 没有空气和水，人类是无法在地球上生存的.Don't try to operate this machine unless you know the rules for safety. 如果不懂安全规则，千万别动这台机器。
