Question

OpenGL里面如何显示汉字？

我目前只制作出了如何显示英文，而且使用的还是glut的功能。但是这个功能并不支持显示中文，我就上网查找。结果大部分都是说要使用显示列表(DisplayList)来制作，还有范例代码。

可是那些范例代码都太老了（都还是基于win95和winNT的），里面有些功能比如wglUseFontOutlines或者是类型GLYPHMETRICSFLOAT完全不存在于gl.h或者glu.h里面，这些代码也就无法运行。。。

希望高手指点，如何才能在OpenGL里面显示中文字体？

如果我测试能够使用会追加50分。。。=v=)/
虽然已经include了wingdi.h，但是编译的时候居然出了一大堆错误，而且都来自于wingdi.h里面。。。可是这个文件我根本就没动过，仅仅是include了以后再编译就出错，这是怎么回事？而且出的错误都是1>E:\Microsoft Visual Studio 8\VC\PlatformSDK\include\wingdi.h(268) : error C2146: syntax error : missing ';' before identifier 'ptPosition'
这类错误，可是我看了并没有什么地方忘记加;啊。

Answer 1

要学会查msdn，这里有个例子的自己看吧
OpenGL
wglUseFontOutlines
The wglUseFontOutlines function creates a set of display lists, one for each glyph of the currently selected outline font of a device context, for use with the current rendering context. The display lists are used to draw 3-D characters of TrueType fonts. Each display list describes a glyph outline in floating-point coordinates.

The run of glyphs begins with the first glyph of the font of the specified device context. The em square size of the font, the notional grid size of the original font outline from which the font is fitted, is mapped to 1.0 in the x- and y-coordinates in the display lists. The extrusion parameter sets how much depth the font has in the z direction.

The lpgmf parameter returns a GLYPHMETRICSFLOAT structure that contains information about the placement and orientation of each glyph in a character cell.

BOOL wglUseFontOutlines(
HDC hdc, // device context of the outline font
DWORD first, // first glyph to be turned into a display list
DWORD count, // number of glyphs to be turned into display
// lists
DWORD listBase, // specifies the starting display list
FLOAT deviation, // specifies the maximum chordal deviation from
// the true outlines
FLOAT extrusion, // extrusion value in the negative z direction
int format, // specifies line segments or polygons in
// display lists
LPGLYPHMETRICSFLOAT lpgmf
// address of buffer to receive glyph metric data
);Parameters
hdc
Specifies the device context with the desired outline font. The outline font of hdc is used to create the display lists in the current rendering context.
first
Specifies the first of the set of glyphs that form the font outline display lists.
count
Specifies the number of glyphs in the set of glyphs used to form the font outline display lists. The wglUseFontOutlines function creates count display lists, one display list for each glyph in a set of glyphs.
listBase
Specifies a starting display list.
deviation
Specifies the maximum chordal deviation from the original outlines. When deviation is zero, the chordal deviation is equivalent to one design unit of the original font. The value of deviation must be equal to or greater than 0.
extrusion
Specifies how much a font is extruded in the negative z direction. The value must be equal to or greater than 0. When extrusion is 0, the display lists are not extruded.
format
Specifies the format, either WGL_FONT_LINES or WGL_FONT_POLYGONS, to use in the display lists. When format is WGL_FONT_LINES, the wglUseFontOutlines function creates fonts with line segments. When format is WGL_FONT_POLYGONS, wglUseFontOutlines creates fonts with polygons.
lpgmf
Points to an array of count GLYPHMETRICSFLOAT structures that is to receive the metrics of the glyphs. When lpgmf is NULL, no glyph metrics are returned.
Return Values
When the function succeeds, the return value is TRUE.

When the function fails, the return value is FALSE and no display lists are generated. To get extended error information, call GetLastError.

Remarks
The wglUseFontOutlines function defines the glyphs of an outline font with display lists in the current rendering context. The wglUseFontOutlines function works with TrueType fonts only; stroke and raster fonts are not supported.

Each display list consists of either line segments or polygons, and has a unique identifying number starting with the listBase number.

The wglUseFontOutlines function approximates glyph outlines by subdividing the quadratic B-spline curves of the outline into line segments, until the distance between the outline and the interpolated midpoint is within the value specified by deviation. This is the final format used when format is WGL_FONT_LINES. When you specify WGL_FONT_OUTLINES, the display lists created don't contain any normals; thus lighting doesn't work properly. To get the correct lighting of lines use WGL_FONT_POLYGONS and set glPolygonMode(GL_FRONT, GL_LINE). When you specify format as WGL_FONT_POLYGONS the outlines are further tessellated into separate triangles, triangle fans, triangle strips, or quadrilateral strips to create the surface of each glyph. With WGL_FONT_POLYGONS, the created display lists call glFrontFace(GL_CW) or glFrontFace(GL_CCW); thus the current front-face value might be altered. For the best appearance of text with WGL_FONT_POLYGONS, cull the back faces as follows:

glCullFace(GL_BACK);
glEnable(GL_CULL_FACE); A GLYPHMETRICSFLOAT structure contains information about the placement and orientation of each glyph in a character cell. The lpgmf parameter is an array of GLYPHMETRICSFLOAT structures holding the entire set of glyphs for a font. Each display list ends with a translation specified with the gmfCellIncX and gmfCellIncY members of the corresponding GLYPHMETRICSFLOAT structure. The translation enables the drawing of successive characters in their natural direction with a single call to glCallLists.

Note With the current release of OpenGL for Windows NT and Windows 95, you cannot make GDI calls to a device context when a pixel format is double-buffered. You can work around this limitation by using wglUseFontOutlines and wglUseFontBitmaps, when using double-buffered device contexts.

The following code example shows how to draw text using wglUseFontOutlines:

HDC hdc; // A TrueType font has already been selected
HGLRC hglrc;
GLYPHMETRICSFLOAT agmf[256];

// Make hglrc the calling thread's current rendering context
wglMakeCurrent(hdc, hglrc);

// create display lists for glyphs 0 through 255 with 0.1 extrusion
// and default deviation. The display list numbering starts at 1000
// (it could be any number)
wglUseFontOutlines(hdc, 0, 255, 1000, 0.0f, 0.1f,
WGL_FONT_POLYGONS, &agmf);

// Set up transformation to draw the string
glLoadIdentity();
glTranslate(0.0f, 0.0f, -5.0f)
glScalef(2.0f, 2.0f, 2.0f);

// Display a string
glListBase(1000); // Indicates the start of display lists for the glyphs
// Draw the characters in a string
glCallLists(24, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, "Hello Win32 OpenGL World."); Requirements
Windows NT/2000: Requires Windows NT 3.5 or later.
Windows 95/98: Requires Windows 95 or later. Available as a redistributable for Windows 95.
Header: Declared in wingdi.h.
Import Library: Use opengl32.lib.
Unicode: Implemented as Unicode and ANSI versions on Windows NT/2000.

See Also

Answer 2

wglUseFontOutlines 要求
头文件 wingdi.h
库 opengl32.lib