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In the official doctrinaire explanation the sharp decline in population, which ran contrary to the national trend, is attributed to the prevalence of feudal serfdom. 'Cruel persecution and oppression of the labouring people by the ruling classes was the root cause for the decline in population. The serfs and slaves had to do corvée labour like beasts of burden. Many of them were prohibited from getting married or having children. The heavy work for women after birth, and epidemic deseases were among the reasons for the shrinking population.' No mention is made, however, of the state of intermittent civil war which has existed since the Chinese entered Tibet in 1951, and the flight of refugees which occured especially after the 1959 uprising
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