《麦田里的守望者》故事简介
该书的主人公霍尔顿是个中学生，出生于富裕的中产阶级家庭。他虽只有16岁，但比常人高一头，整日穿着风衣，戴着猎帽，游游荡荡，不愿读书。他对学校里的一切——老师、同学、功课、球赛等等，全都腻烦透了，曾是学校击剑队队长，3次被学校开除。它不仅生动细致地描绘了一个不安现状的中产阶级子弟的苦闷仿徨、孤独愤世的精神世界，一个青春期少年矛盾百出的心理特征，也批判了成人社会的虚伪和做作。
《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格创作的唯一一部长篇小说，首次出版于1951年。塞林格将故事的起止局限于16岁的中学生霍尔顿·考尔菲德从离开学校到纽约游荡的三天时间内，并借鉴了意识流天马行空的写作方法，充分探索了一个十几岁少年的内心世界。
扩展资料
表现的社会是一个异化的社会，也是一个道德堕落的社会。在这种社会范围内的整体性的堕落中，个体的堕落有可能在表层的堕落之下蕴含着深层的反堕落和道德的信息，有可能具有积极的内涵。霍尔顿以其自身的堕落揭示和反抗着异化社会中道德的堕落。在其堕落中可以窥见某种道德性，他所展示的是堕落行为里的道德，一种堕落的道德。
关于小说的主人公兼叙述者霍尔顿的语言，评论家们众说纷纭、褒贬不一，有些意见还是针锋相对、截然相反的。
小说一面世就引来众怒，一些评论家认为其语言“猥亵”、“渎神”。但也不乏有人高度赞赏霍尔顿的语言，国外某些评论家把霍尔顿的语言与马克·吐温笔下人物哈克的语言相提并论，加以赞美。他们认为这两个流浪少年的方言口语，会在文学天地里流芳百世、永放光彩。
参考资料：麦田里的守望者-百度百科
故事简介：
霍尔顿是出身于富裕中产阶级的十六岁少年，在第四次被开除出学校之后，不敢贸然回家，只身在美国最繁华的纽约城游荡了一天两夜，住小客店，逛夜总会，滥交女友，酗酒……他看到了资本主义社会的种种丑恶，接触了各式各样的人物，其中大部分是“假模假式的”伪君子
霍尔顿几乎看不惯周围发生的一切，他甚至想逃离这个现实世界，到穷乡僻壤去假装一个又聋又哑的人，但要真正这样做，又是不可能的，结果他只能生活在矛盾之中：他这一辈子最痛恨电影，但百无聊赖中又不得不在电影院里消磨时间；
他厌恶没有爱情的性关系，却又糊里糊涂地叫来了妓女；他讨厌虚荣庸俗的女友萨丽，却又迷恋她的美色，情不自禁地与她搂搂抱抱。
因此，他尽管看不惯世道，却只好苦闷、彷惶，用种种不切实际的幻想安慰自己，自欺欺人，最后仍不免对现实社会妥协，成不了真正的叛逆，这可以说是作者塞林格和他笔下人物霍尔顿的悲剧所在。
英文版故事简介：
After being expelled from school for the fourth time, holden, a sixteen-year-old boy from the affluent middle class, did not dare to return home.
He spent two nights and a day alone in New York City, one of the most prosperous cities in America He saw the ugliness of the capitalist society and touched various characters, most of them "hypocritical" hypocrites
Holden almost don't like all around, he even wanted to escape from the real world, to the hinterland to pretend to be a deaf-mute person, but to really do it is not possible, as a result, he can only live in contradiction: he in my life the most hated the movie, but in the bored in the cinema have kill time;
He hated sexual relations without love, but he called prostitutes in a confused way. He hated his vain and vulgar girlfriend Sally, but he was so infatuated with her beauty that he could not help cuddling with her.
Therefore, although he is not used to the world, he has to be depressed, as if panic, comfort himself with unrealistic fantasy, self-deception, and finally compromise with the reality of society, and can not become a real rebel, which can be said to be the tragedy of the author salinger and his character holden.
扩展资料
作品影响
麦田里的守望者从1951年出版以来给全世界无数彷徨的年轻人心灵的慰藉。
小说一问世，霍尔顿这个对虚伪的周围环境深恶痛绝的少年形象竟然被千万读者看成是迷人的新英雄，文中的崇尚自由的亲切语言受到热烈欢迎。
并且这本小说反映了二战后美国青少年矛盾混乱的人生观和道德观，代表了当时相当一部分人的思想和处境。主人公霍尔顿那种没有清楚目的的反抗，是当时学生和青少年的典型病症。《麦田里的守望者》发表后，大中学学生争相阅读，家长和教师也视小说为“必读教材”，把它当作理解当代青少年的钥匙。
参考资料
主人公是16岁的中学生霍尔顿·考菲尔德是当代美国文学中最早出现的反英雄形象之一，霍尔顿出身中纽约一个富裕的中产阶级家庭。
学校里的老师和自己的家长强迫他好好读书，为的是出人头地，以便将来买辆凯迪拉克，而在学校里一天到晚干的，就是谈女人，酒和性，他看不惯周围的一切， 根本没心思用功读书，因而老是挨罚，到他第四次被开除时，他不敢回家。
便只身在美国最繁华的纽约城游荡了一天两夜，住小客店，逛夜总会滥交女友他在电影院里百无聊赖地消磨时光，糊里糊涂地召了妓女，情不自禁的与虚荣的女友搂搂抱抱，与此同时，他的内心又十分苦闷，企图逃出虚伪的成人世界去寻批纯洁与真理的经历与感受。
这种精神上无法调和的极度矛盾最终令他彻底崩溃，躺倒在精神病院里。
The hero is Holden Kauffeld, a 16 - year - old high school student, one of the earliest anti-hero images in contemporary American literature.
Holden was born in a wealthy middle-class family in new york. The teacher in the school and his family head forced him to study hard in order to get ahead and buy a Cadillac in the future. What he did in the school day and night was talking about women, wine and sex. He didn't like everything around him and didn't care to study hard, so he was always punished.
When he was expelled for the fourth time, he didn't dare to go home. He spent a day and two nights wandering alone in the most prosperous city of new york in the United States, staying in a small inn, visiting nightclubs and promiscuous girlfriends.
At the same time, his heart was very depressed and he tried to escape from the hypocritical adult world to find some experiences and feelings of purity and truth. This kind of spiritual irreconcilable extreme contradiction finally caused him to completely collapse and lie in a mental hospital.
扩展资料
《麦田里的守望者》作者的简介：
杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格（Jerome David Salinger，1919年1月1日-2010年1月27日） 美国作家，出生于纽约，父亲是犹太进口商。15岁时，入一军事学院学习并获得文凭，1942年，开始军旅生涯，1946年退伍之后，正式投入文学创作。
他于1951年发表的著名小说《麦田里的守望者》被认为是二十世纪美国文学的经典作品之一，引起世界性轰动，尤其受到美国学生的疯狂追捧。他发表的著作还包括《弗兰尼和卓埃》、《高举屋梁，木匠们》、《西摩：一个介绍》和一部短篇集《九故事》，此外，还有一些作品至今未出版。2010年1月27日，杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格在位于美国新罕布什尔州的家中去世，享年91岁。
主要作品：
长篇小说：《麦田里的守望者》(1951年) 《哈普沃兹16，1924》(1999)。
中篇集：《弗兰妮与卓埃》（1961）、《木匠们，把屋梁升高》 、《西摩：一个介绍》（或《西摩小传》）（1963）。
短篇：《哈普沃兹16，1924》（1965）、《九故事》（1953）、《逮香蕉鱼的最佳日子》、《弗兰妮》（1955）、《祖伊》（1957）、《西摩：小传》（1959）、《为埃斯米而作》。
该书的主人公霍尔顿是个中学生，出生于富裕的中产阶级家庭。他虽只有16岁，但却比常人高出一头，整日穿着风衣，戴着猎帽，游游荡荡，不愿读书。他对学校里的一切——老师、同学、功课等等，全都厌烦透了，虽然曾经是学校击剑队队长，但也3次被学校开除。
又一个学期结束了，他又因5门功课中有4门不及格被校方开除。但是他丝毫没有感到难受。在和同房间的同学打了一架后，他深夜离开学校，回到纽约城，但他不敢贸然回家。当天深夜住进了一家小旅馆。他在旅馆里看到的都是些不三不四的人，有穿戴女装的男人，有相互喷水、喷酒的男女，他们寻欢作乐，忸怩作态，使霍尔顿感到恶心和惊讶。他无聊之极，便去夜总会厮混了一阵。
回旅馆时，心里仍觉得十分烦闷，糊里糊涂答应电梯工毛里斯，让他叫来了一个妓女（十五块钱到第二天，五块钱一次）。 他一看到妓女又紧张害怕，给了妓女五块钱打发她走了，可妓女要十块钱。后来妓女找毛里斯来找事，毛里斯把霍尔顿打了一顿，拿走了他们要的另外五块钱。
第二天是星期天，霍尔顿上街游荡，遇见两个修女，捐了10块钱。后来他和女友萨丽去看了场戏，又去溜冰。看到萨丽那假情假义的样子，霍尔顿很不痛快，两人吵了一场，分了手。接着霍尔顿独自去看了场电影，又到酒吧里和一个老同学一起喝酒，喝得酩酊大醉。他走进厕所，把头伸进盥洗盆里用冷水浸了一阵，才清醒过来。
可是走出酒吧后，被冷风一吹，他的头发都结了冰。他想到自己也许会因此患肺炎死去，永远见不着妹妹菲苾了，决定冒险回家和她诀别。霍尔顿偷偷回到家里，幸好父母都出去玩了。他叫醒菲苾，向她诉说了自己的苦闷和理想。他对妹妹说，他将来要当一名“麦田里的守望者”：“有那么一群小孩子在一大块麦田里做游戏。几千几万个小孩子，附近没有一个人——没有一个大人，我是说——除了我。
我呢，就在那混帐的悬崖边。我的职务是在那儿守望，要是有哪个孩子往悬崖边奔来，我就把他捉住——我是说孩子们都在狂奔，也不知道自己是在往哪儿跑。我得从什么地方出来，把他们捉住。我整天就干这样的事。我只想当个麦田里的守望者。”
后来父母回来了，霍尔顿吓得躲进壁橱。等父母去卧室，他急忙溜出家门，到一个他尊敬的老师家中借宿。可是睡到半夜，他发觉这个老师有可能是个同性恋者，于是只好偷偷逃出来，到车站候车室过夜。霍尔顿不想再回家，也不想再念书了，决定去西部谋生，装做一个又聋又哑的人，但他想在临走前再见妹妹一面，于是托人给她带去一张便条，约她到博物馆的艺术馆门边见面。
过了约定时间好一阵，菲苾终于来了，可是拖着一只装满自己衣服的大箱子，她一定要跟哥哥一起去西部。最后，因对妹妹劝说无效，霍尔顿只好放弃西部之行，带她去动物园和公园玩了一阵。菲苾骑上旋转木马，高兴起来。这时下起了大雨，霍尔顿淋着雨坐在长椅上，看菲苾一圈圈转个不停，心里快乐极了，险些大叫大嚷起来，霍尔顿决定不出走了。
回家后不久，霍尔顿就生了场大病，又被送到一家疗养院里。出院后将被送到哪所学校，是不是想好好用功学习，霍尔顿对这一切一点儿也不感兴趣。
英文版：
The book's protagonist holden is a middle school student, born into a wealthy middle class family. He was only sixteen, but he was a head above the rest, wearing a windbreaker and a hunting cap. He was tired of everything in school -- teachers, classmates, homework, etc. He was once the captain of the school fencing team, but he was also expelled from the school three times.
At the end of another semester, he was kicked out of school for failing four of his five courses. But he felt no pain. After a fight with his roommate, he left school late at night and returned to New York City, but he didn't dare to rush home. He checked into a small hotel late that night. All he saw in the hotel were men who dressed in women's clothes, men and women who sprayed each other with water and wine. He was so bored that he went to the nightclub for a while.
When he returned to the hotel, he was still very upset and muddled. He promised Maurice the elevator man that he would call a prostitute (fifteen dollars to the next day, five dollars a time). When he saw a prostitute, he was so nervous that he gave her five dollars to send her away, but she asked for ten dollars. Then the whore approached Maurice, who beat him up and took the other five dollars they wanted.
The next day, on Sunday, holden wandered around, met two nuns, and donated ten dollars. Then he went to a play with his girlfriend Sally and went skating. Holden was annoyed at sari's false feelings, and they quarreled and parted. Then holden went to a movie by himself and went to the bar to drink with an old classmate and got very drunk. He went into the toilet and dipped his head in the basin with cold water for a while before he came to himself.
But when he stepped out of the bar, the wind blew cold and his hair was frozen. Thinking that he might die of pneumonia, he never saw his sister, fei bei, and decided to venture home and bid her farewell. Holden sneaked home, but luckily his parents went out to play. He woke up fei bei and told her his bitterness and ideal. He told his sister that he was going to be a "catcher in the rye" : "there were children playing in a large field. Thousands and thousands and thousands and thousands of little children, and no one around -- no adults, I mean -- except me.
I'm right on the edge of that stupid cliff. My duty was to watch there, and if any one of the boys ran towards the edge of the cliff, I should catch him -- I mean, the boys were running away, and I didn't know where I was going. I have to come out of nowhere and catch them. That's what I do all day. I just want to be a catcher in the rye."
When his parents came back, holden was scared and hid in the closet. When his parents went to the bedroom, he slipped out of the house and spent the night with a respected teacher. But in the middle of the night, he found out that the teacher might be gay, so he had to sneak out of the station waiting room for the night. Holden decided to go west and make a living, pretending to be deaf and dumb, but he wanted to see his sister again before he left, so he sent her a note and asked her to meet him at the museum's art gallery door.
After a while, fei bei finally came, but lugging a big box full of her own clothes, she must go west with her brother. Eventually, unable to persuade his sister, holden gave up his trip to the west and took her to the zoo and park for a while. Fei bei rides a merry-go-round and is happy. At this time it began to rain, holden drench the rain sitting on the bench, looking at the Philippine qibi round and round, happy in the heart, almost shouted loudly, holden decided not to run away.
Soon after returning home, holden became seriously ill and was sent to a nursing home. Holden was not at all interested in studying hard at which school he would be sent after leaving the hospital.
扩展资料：
《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格创作的唯一一部长篇小说，首次出版于1951年。20世纪50年代的美国，刚刚赢得了二战的胜利，成为了一个政治、经济和军事大国。在这样的时期，“纽约”就是美国实利主义社会的一个代表。它象征着最“假模假式”的一切，人们的精神生活是一片荒原，没有人在意别人的感受。
参考资料：
该书的主人公霍尔顿是个中学生，出生于富裕的中产阶级家庭。他虽只有16岁，但比常人高一头，整日穿着风衣，戴着猎帽，游游荡荡，不愿读书。
他对学校里的一切——老师、同学、功课、球赛等等，全都腻烦透了，曾是学校击剑队队长，3次被学校开除。它不仅生动细致地描绘了一个不安现状的中产阶级子弟的苦闷仿徨、孤独愤世的精神世界，一个青春期少年矛盾百出的心理特征，也批判了成人社会的虚伪和做作。
《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格创作的唯一一部长篇小说，首次出版于1951年。塞林格将故事的起止局限于16岁的中学生霍尔顿·考尔菲德从离开学校到纽约游荡的三天时间内，并借鉴了意识流天马行空的写作方法，充分探索了一个十几岁少年的内心世界。
作品主题
《麦》的故事情节时间跨度很小，对于社会现实的批判力度却很大。异化是现代社会的重大问题，是现代社会中人类所面临的重大挑战，也是现代哲学的重要概念。在现代工业文明及后工业文明里，技术挤压着人的原始生活空间。
提高了人的感官的自由系数，却降低了人的精神的自由系数。人迷失了自我，泯灭了自我，向着“非人”的异化状态沦落，而社会也向着物化的异化状态跌落。异化问题的核心维度是价值的维度，人是目的、人是价值的尺度这样的古典哲学命题受到了挑战。
然而，道德作为考量人与人之间关系的标尺，关系着人学目的论中终极价值的内部结构与内部机制，也应该成为异化问题的重要操作性维度。
