Question

主句的主语不是第一人称还要否定转移吗？

Answer 1

否定转移\x0d\x0a\x0d\x0a否定的转移是指英语否定句在句中某一部分（常在谓语部分），但在语义上却是否定另一部分的现象。翻译这类句子时不要单纯依赖语法分析，而应从语义上分析，根据上下文理解句意。例：\x0d\x0aHe doesn’tteach because teaching is easy for him. 他之所以教书，并不是因为他觉得教书轻松。\x0d\x0a \x0d\x0a一、否定形式在表示“看法”的谓语动词上，语义上却是否定后面的宾语从句。\x0d\x0a此类动词有：think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect, anticipate, fancy, consider,find (感到), guess,\x0d\x0abe supposed to, calculate, figure, reckon。\x0d\x0a- I don't believe I've met you before. ("I believe I haven’t metyoubefore.") 我认为我没有见过你。\x0d\x0a- I don't think you will be late. 我认为你不会迟到。\x0d\x0a- I don't suppose he cares, does he? 我看他不在乎，对吧？\x0d\x0a- He doesn't expect we need worry. 他认为我们不必着急。\x0d\x0a- I don’t recon she is old enough to go toschool. 我认为她还没到上学的年纪。\x0d\x0a注：上述判断性动词出现以下情况时，其否定不发生转移： \x0d\x0a（1）用作插入语时：\x0d\x0a -Li Lei, I think, won’t be angry with you. 我想李蕾不会生你的气。\x0d\x0a -Tom, I suppose, won’t be against it. 我猜想汤姆不会反对。\x0d\x0a（2）这些动词跟其他另一个动词一起做并列谓语时：\x0d\x0a - Ibelieve and hope he won’t do that. 我相信并且也希望他将不会那样做。\x0d\x0a（3）用于疑问句时：\x0d\x0a -Do you think it is not going to rain? 你认为天不会下雨吗？\x0d\x0a（4）主句中添加情态动词can't, mustn't, wouldn't时：\x0d\x0a- You mustn’tthink he’s stupid. 你不应该认为他愚蠢。\x0d\x0a- I wouldn'thave imagined that you would be here. 我不曾想到你会在这儿。\x0d\x0a- I can’t imagine how he could survive that car accident. 我想象不出在那次车祸中他是怎样活命的。\x0d\x0a（5）think , expect 作料想讲时：\x0d\x0a- I didn’t expect I’d meet you here. 我没料到会在这里碰上你。 \x0d\x0a- We didn’t think he is such a selfish man. 我们没料到他是这样一个自私的人。 \x0d\x0a（6）suppose , think 用于祈使句式或被副词修饰时：\x0d\x0a- Don’t suppose you have passed the exam, this is only a partof the exam.\x0d\x0a别以为你通过了考试，这仅仅是考试的一部分。 \x0d\x0a- I simply don’t think you will give me a hand when I’m indifficulty.\x0d\x0a我根本不指望你在我困难的时候能帮助我。 \x0d\x0a - Ireally don’t think it’s necessary for us to go there now. 我的确不认为我们有必要去那儿。\x0d\x0a - Ifeel strongly that he shouldn’t do such a thing. 我强烈地认为他不应该做那样的事。\x0d\x0a（7）上述动词所接的宾语从句中如有all , every, many , both 等表全体意义的词或副词时：\x0d\x0a- I don’t believe both of them are innocent. 我不相信他们两个都是清白的。 \x0d\x0a- I never expect all the students will do the exercises afterclasses.\x0d\x0a我从不抱希望于所有学生都会在课外做作业。 \x0d\x0a- We don’t consider everybody in our class is interested inthis topic.\x0d\x0a我们并不认为班里的每个人都对这个话题感兴趣。 \x0d\x0a（8）由于cannot help, ought not， need not， not at all等短语的关系而把I think 隔离：\x0d\x0a- I shouldhave thought sometimes you couldn’t helpthinking of the past. 我应该想到你会禁不住想起过去。\x0d\x0a- I think youought not to walk at night alone,Mrs. Moore.\x0d\x0a- I think youneed not be impolite to her，as well as to her son.\x0d\x0a- "Ithink the angel are not at all inheaven." Mr.Esmond said."\x0d\x0a \x0d\x0a二、否定形式在表示“感觉”的谓语动词上，语义上却否定表语部分。\x0d\x0a 此类动词有：appear, seem, feel, sound, taste, smell, as if，feel / look / sound as if, feel /look like。\x0d\x0a- The old streets don’t appear deserted. ( not deserted . ) 老街看样子还没被废弃。 \x0d\x0a- I’m not feeling very well today. My head aches. ( not verywell ? ) 我今天感到不怎么舒服，头痛。 \x0d\x0a- The food doesn’t taste fresh. ( not fresh . ) 食物偿起来不鲜。 \x0d\x0a- It doesn’t seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。\x0d\x0a- It doesn’t appear that we’ll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。\x0d\x0a \x0d\x0a三、seem, prove, happen 与不定式构成复合谓语，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定不定式。\x0d\x0a- The president didn’t happen to attend that meeting. (happen not to attend ? )\x0d\x0a董事长碰巧没参加那次会议。 \x0d\x0a- Your answer doesn’t seem to be right. (seem not to be ?) 你的答案看起来似乎不正确。 \x0d\x0a- Jack doens't seem to like you．（＝Jack seems not to like you．）杰克看来不喜欢你。\x0d\x0a- The news didn't seem to be true. 这个消息好象并不是真的。\x0d\x0a \x0d\x0a四、pretend , remember 的宾语为非谓语动词时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定宾语。\x0d\x0a- My Italian friend didn’t pretend to see her tutor inthe dining room. (pretend not tosee ? )\x0d\x0a我的意大利朋友在餐厅里假装没看见她导师。\x0d\x0a- I couldn’t remember having carried my wallet out. (否定having ?) 我记得不曾带钱包出门。\x0d\x0a \x0d\x0a五、形式上否定谓语，语义上否定宾语补足语。\x0d\x0a- I neverknew him to carry money because he never had any use of it.\x0d\x0a我知道他身上从不带钱，因为他从不需要钱。\x0d\x0a- We do not consider melting or boiling to be chemical change. (not to be ? )\x0d\x0a我们认为熔化和沸腾不是化学反应。 \x0d\x0a- Seeing a ball flying, we don’t expect the ball to flyforever. (not to fly ?)\x0d\x0a看到球飞时，我们认为它不会永远飞下去。\x0d\x0a - Idon’t think math difficult. 我认为数学不难。\x0d\x0a - Idon’t find the story interesting. 我认为这个故事没有趣。\x0d\x0a - Idon’t expect so. 我认为不会。\x0d\x0a \x0d\x0a六、在“It is / was likely / probably + 从句”中，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定从句。\x0d\x0a- It isn't likely that it will rain tomorrow. 看起来明天不会下雨。\x0d\x0a- It isn't probable that he will come here today. 他今天也许不会来这里了。\x0d\x0a \x0d\x0a七、形式上否定谓语，语义上否定状语或状语从句。\x0d\x0a- He doesn't go to school bybus but on foot. 他不是步行去上学, 而是坐公共汽车。\x0d\x0a- Don't judge a man byhis appearance. 不要以貌取人。\x0d\x0a - Don’tread in the sun. 不要在阳光下看书。\x0d\x0a- Don’t talk with yourmouth full of food. 不要口里含着食物说话。\x0d\x0a- The ant isnot gathering this for itself alone.　蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。\x0d\x0a- Let’s not talk about ithere. 我们别在这里谈吧。\x0d\x0a- This great victory has not been won easily. 这个伟大的胜利赢来得并不容易。\x0d\x0a- I didn't know his name until yesterday. （not ... until） 我直到昨天才知道他的名字。\x0d\x0a- He didn't take the boy from the tracks to safety to win his own fame．but to benefit the boy's parents．\x0d\x0a他把男孩从铁轨上抱到安全地带，不是为了获得个人的名誉，而是为了孩子的父母。\x0d\x0a注：含有not ? because (of) 的句子，情况较复杂，需根据逻辑、语境和常识进行判断是否需要作否定转移，如需转移的话，往往是由否定谓语转为否定状语。例如： \x0d\x0a- I don’t teach because teaching is easy for me. 我教书并不是因为我觉得教书轻松。 \x0d\x0a- The engine didn’t stop because the fuel was used up. 发动机并不是因为油用完而停车的。 \x0d\x0a- He didn’t go to class because he was sick. 他没去上课，因为他生病了。 (这句话不需作否定转移)\x0d\x0a- The manager didn’t give a speech because he felt painful inhis throat. 经理没发表讲话，因为他喉咙痛。 \x0d\x0a- She didn’t call you because she loved you. 这个句子可能出现两种理解： \x0d\x0aA. 她给你打电话并非因为她爱你。（发生了否定转移） \x0d\x0aB. 她没给你打电话是因为她爱你。（未发生否定转移） \x0d\x0a 到底哪种理解正确，我们无法从逻辑意义上进行辨别，这时我们只有借助语境即上下文来分析了。\x0d\x0a \x0d\x0a八、表示信念、看法、愿望的名词充当主语从句的表语时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定主语从句。这类词有：hope, thought, view, opinion , wish, expectation, belief, plan等。 \x0d\x0a- It is not our expectation that you will suffer a lot from that. (will not suffer ? )\x0d\x0a我们希望你不要为那事受太多苦。 \x0d\x0a- It is not my opinion that you spend much time on computergames. (do not spend ? )\x0d\x0a我的看法是你不要花太多时间玩电脑游戏。 \x0d\x0a- It is not their plan that their homework is done on Sunday. 他们计划星期天不做家庭作业。 \x0d\x0a \x0d\x0a九、含有全体意义的代词和副词作主语或宾语时，形式上否定谓语，语义上否定主语或宾语，表示部分否定。这类词有：all, both, every, everybody, everything, everywhere, always,altogether, entirely，wholly。\x0d\x0a- All the people didn't know the truth. (Notall the people knew the truth.)\x0d\x0a并非所有的人都知道事情的真相。\x0d\x0a- All that glitters is notgold. 发光的不总是金子。\x0d\x0a- Both the children are not clever. (Not both the children ?) 两个孩子并不都聪明。 \x0d\x0a- Everybody, it is true, wouldn’t like it. ( Not everybody ?) 的确不是人人都喜欢它。 \x0d\x0a- I don’t know all of them. (notall of them) 对于他们我不是个个都认识的。 \x0d\x0a- I don’t like both of them. (notboth of them.) 这两本小说，我不是都喜欢。 \x0d\x0a注：当all 与can not 或 won’t 构成否定句式时，其否定不再发生转移，而表示全部否定。\x0d\x0a- All the foreigners can not pass the borders without visas. 所有外国人没有签证均不能过境。 \x0d\x0a- All the treatment won’t make any help for her disease. 所有的治疗对他的疾病都无用。 \x0d\x0a \x0d\x0a十、"否定主句+肯定式方式从句" 中，主句和从句意思正好相反。例：\x0d\x0a- Whales are not fish, as many people think. 鲸不是鱼，而许多人却认为鲸是鱼。\x0d\x0a \x0d\x0a十一、主语是否定特征时，翻译应根据具体情况确定。否定可以转移，也可以不转移。例：\x0d\x0a- Nobody who has ever seen good-quality color television can ever becompletely happy with black and white again. 看过高质量彩色电视的人再也不可能对黑白电视感到满足了。