Question

宾语从句和定语从句的用法 （要详细，有例句及翻译）.

Answer 1

1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。

　　 e.g. I hope (that) everything is all right.

　　 2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。

　　 e.g. I'm interested in whether you've finished the work..

　　 I'm interested in what you've said.

　　 3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。

　　 ①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。

　　e.g. I wonder if it doesn't rain.

　　②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。

　　e.g. Please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）

　　③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。

　　e.g. I don't know whether or not the report is true.

　　I don't know whether/ if the report is true or not.

　　④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。

　　e.g. It depends on whether we have enough time.

　　 They don't know whether to go there.

　　 Please come to see me if you have time.

追问

定语从句呢？

追答

定语从句所修饰的词 叫先行词。 定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。本章只介绍限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、 which、 whose和关系副词where 、when，关系代词和关系副词是引导词， 在定语从句中担当某一成份。
关系代词和关系副词的作用：
先行词指物时， 关系代词用that 或which（在句中作主语或宾语）。
如：China is a country which / that has a large population.
The computer game which/ that he is playing is his favorite.
先行词指人时， 关系代词用（who）作主语或宾语，whom (作宾语)，whose (作定语)，that (作主语或宾语)。 如：
The man who is mending the machine has been retired.
This is the policeman who/ whom they were talking about yesterday.
I like the girl whose mother is an actor.
注意：下列情况下关系代词只用that 而不用which 或 who。
先行词是指物的不代词，如：all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。如：I didn't understand the words all that he said.
2．先行词由最高级、序数词以及any, very, only, all, no, just 等所修饰。如：This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .
行词既包括人，也包括物。如：They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.
当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如：who is the man that opened up the lab.