英语高手进！
英语高手进！
1、先行词指人时，引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that；当其充当宾语时用whom或that，在非正式宾语中也可用who，也可省略。
a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.
b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.
b 句可改为：The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li.
2、先行词指物时，引导词用that或which
a.They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
b .The fish (which)we bought were not fresh.
3、先行词指时间时，引导词用When/on which或in which
a.I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing.
b.I'll never fet the year when/ on which we worked on the farm.
4、先行词指地点时，引导词用Where或in which
This is the house where/in which we lived last year.
或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year.
5、whose在定语从句中作定语时，可用来指人，也可以用来指物，如:
a.This is the boy whose mother died a month ago.
b.This is the house whose windows were broken.此句可改成：
This is the house the windoues of which were broken.
6、先行词表示原因时，引导词用why,如:
The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike.
二、物殊情况：
尽管有以上基本原则，但要学好定语从句更应注意以下特殊情况；
Ⅰ、当定语从句的先行词为表示人的不定代词，如 anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,noone,nobody,all， these ，those等时,用who而不用that
Those who break the rule are pulished.
Anybody who had eyes could see the elephant was like a snake.
Ⅱ.以who或which作主语的特殊疑问句中先行词指人，引导词只用That,如:
a.Who is the person that is standing at the gate ?
b.Which of you that knows something about English doesn’t know this word?
Ⅲ、先行词指物时引导词用that而不用which的情况:
1、先行词有序数词或形容词最高阶修饰时，
This is the best position that has been written in English.
2、先行词是all,something,anything,nothing,everything,little,few,much等不定代词时
There is nothing/little/much that we can do for her.
3、先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little,much等修饰时
I’ve read all the books that you gave me.
4、先行词被the only/very等修饰时
This is the very/last place that they visited yesterday.
5、有两个以上先行词，分别表示人或物时
They talked about the teachers and the schools that they had visited.
6、先行词为基数时
Yesterday I caught o fish,Now you can see the o that are still alive in a basin of water.
Ⅳ.time为先行词时，前边如有序数词修饰时，定语从句引导词用that或什么也不用，如没序数词修饰时，用when或that均可
a.This is the last time(that)I shall give you a lesson.
先行词指人时，引导词可用Who,Whom,及that,其中当引导词在句中作主语时用Who或that；当其充当宾语时用whom或that，在非正式宾语中也可用who，也可省略。
a That boy who/that broke the window is called Tom.
b The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li.
b 句可改为：The person(that/whom/who)you just talked to is Mr Li.
2、先行词指物时，引导词用that或which
a.They planted the trees which didn’t need much water.
b .The fish (which)we bought were not fresh.
3、先行词指时间时，引导词用When/on which或in which
a.I still remember the day when/on which I first came to Bei jing.
b.I'll never fet the year when/ on which we worked on the farm.
4、先行词指地点时，引导词用Where或in which
This is the house where/in which we lived last year.
或:This is the house that/which we lived in last year.
5、whose在定语从句中作定语时，可用来指人，也可以用来指物，如:
a.This is the boy whose mother died a month ago.
b.This is the house whose windows were broken.此句可改成：
This is the house the windoues of which were broken.
6、先行词表示原因时，引导词用why,如:
The reason why he was late for school was that he had been knocked down by a bike.
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一、祈使句的分类
祈使句表请求、命令、叮嘱、邀请、劝告等。祈使句分为第二人称祈使句及第—、三人称祈使句两大类。
1．第二人称祈使句通常用来向听话者发出命令，提出要求或建议。这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来，而是以动词原形开头。如：
Stand up!
Don’t worry about!
但如果说话时有多人在场，就得把主语表示出来，或加呼语，以便指明是向谁提出请求或发出命令。如：
Parents with children go the front! 带孩子的家长到前面去!
Mary clean the windows，and you boys wash the floor! 玛丽擦窗户，你们男孩子洗地板!
Come in，everybody! 每个人都进来!
有时将主语表示出来是为了加强语气或表示“不高兴”、“厌烦”、“鄙视”等情绪。如：
Don’t you be late again! 你可别再迟到了!
You get out of here! 你给我滚出去!
Mind your own business，you! 你少管闲事!
2．第一、三人称祈使句是以第一人称和第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的物件，这类祈使句通常以let为引导词表建议。如：
Let’s go! Let us go home!
Let him be here by 10 o’clock．
祈使句除用谓语动词表示外，还可用名词、副词、动词短语等表示。如：
Help!
Patience!
Quickly!
Hands up!
二、祈使句的强调形式及否定形式
祈使句的强调形式是在整个结构之前加do。如：
Do be careful!
Do S talking!
Do give my regards to your parents!务必／一定代我向你父母问好!
祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加don’t或never。如：
Don’t you be nervous!你不要紧张!
以let为引导词的祈使句的否定形式通常是在Let’s或Let us／me后加not。如：
Let’s not waste our time arguing about it! 咱们别浪费时间争论这事了!
Let’s not say anything about it! 这事咱们谁也别说!
但英式英语也用这样的表达：Don’t let’s say anything about it.
三、祈使句的反意疑问句
1．祈使句的反意疑问部分为肯定形式，要用shall，will。如：
Pass me the book，will you?
2．Let’s表示第一人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“Shall we?”。如：
Let’s go for a walk，shall we?
Let’s fet it，shall we?
3．Let me和Let us 表示第二人称的祈使句，反意疑问句为“will you?”。如：
Let us go for a walk，will you?
4．其它行为动词引起的祈使句，无论其陈述部分是否定还是肯定的祈使句，多用“will you?”，表一种客气的语气。如：
Listen to me，will you?
Don’t tell anyone about it，will you?
但在肯定的祈使句后有时也用“won’t you?”表“提醒对方注意”或表“邀请”。如：
Have a cup of coffee，won’t you?
Come in and take a seat，won’t you／will you?
四、祈使句用于两个重要句型中
1．“祈使句+and+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述肯定的条件。
2．“祈使句+or(else)+表结果的陈述句”用来叙述否定的条件，or(else)表示“否则；要不然”。试比较：
Hurry up and you’ll catch the train. (＝If you hurry up，you’ll catch the train．)
Hurry up，or you’ll miss the train．(＝If you don’t hurry up，you’ll miss the train．)
五、祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语
当祈使句由直接引语变成间接引语时，其常用结构为“ask／request／tell／order *** (not)to do sth”。如：
“Speak loudly，please!” the teacher said to me．(＝The teacher asked me to speak loudly．)
“Don’t *** oke in the meeting room!” he said to Tom．(＝He told Tom not to *** oke in the meeting room．)
Could you send the photos of your home and school to me? 这里用Could 更委婉些 更能体现出你要说的 能不能！
