Question

被动语态的结构

Answer 1

被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系，表示主语是动作的承受者。

详解

主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的执行者。

构成

（1）助动词be+及物动词的过去分词

（2）情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词

被动语态常用于陈述事实，一般用在科技文章或新闻报道中。


口诀

一般现在时、一般过去时用be +及物动词的.过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。

完成时态have（has）done，被动将been加中间。

一般将来shall（will）do，被动变do为be done。

将来进行无被动，shall（will）be doing。

现在完成时，被动 have（has）been done。

现、过进行be doing，被动be加being done。

情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。

否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。

主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。

一般情助加be done，双宾多将间宾变。

复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。

主动语态变为被动语态例句：

一般现在时：

主：We believe him.

被：He is believed by us.

一般过去时：

主：He bought his children some pens.

被：Some pens were bought for his children by him.

一般将来时：

主：Everyone will know the truth soon .

被：The truth will be known by everyone.

现在进行时：

主：Mary is making a doll.

被：A doll is being made by Mary.

过去进行时：

主：They were carrying the hurt player.

被：The hurt player was being carried by them .

现在完成时：

主：He has received the letter.

被：The letter has been received by him.

过去完成时：

主：They had built ten bridges.

被：Ten bridges had been built by them

“havedone”，被动将“been”加中间（过去完成时“had done”也包括在内）。

1、主动：We have studied English for 3 years at the spare-time school.

被动：English has been studied by us for 3 years at the spare-time school.（“have”随新主语变为“has”）

我们已经在学校里学了三年英语了。

2、主动：They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.

被动：100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.

到去年年底他们已生产出一百台拖拉机。

3、主动：They have set up a power station in their home town.

被动：A power station has been set up in their home town.

他们的家乡建立了一座发电站。

4、主动：They have warned us to be careful of rats.

被动：We have been warned to be careful of rats by them.

他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。

5、主动：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.

被动： Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.

人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。

一般用法

1.一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词

Our classroom is cleaned everyday.

I am asked to study hard by my mother.

Knives are used for cutting things.

2.一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词

The new shop was built last year.

Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.

3.现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词

This book has been translated into many languages.

Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.

4.一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

A new hospital will be built in our city.

Many more trees will be planted next year.

5.含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词

Young trees must be watered often.

Your mistakes should be corrected right now.

The door may be locked inside.

Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.

6.现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词

Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→

My bike is being repaired by Tom now.

They are planting trees over there. →

Trees are being planted over there by them.

7.不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词

There are two books to be read. →

There are twenty more trees to be planted.

特殊用法

1.不及物动词无被动语态。 如：happen, break down, come out......

What will happen in 100 years.

The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.

2.有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。 如： write, sell, ride.....

This pen writes well.

This new book sells well.

3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带“to”，但变为被动语态时，须加上“to”。

例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.

The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

4.如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语（物）作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。

He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

5.一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。

We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us.

He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.

The nurse is taking care of the sickpeople. →The sickpeople is being taken care of by the nurse.