Question

求英语翻译下面一段话

早年美国动画成本高，画工细致，巧思也多，舞台主要在大屏幕，作为电影开幕的调剂。但电视发明之后，席卷而来的电视狂潮，让美国动画也受到影响，纷纷从大屏幕转往小屏幕发展，但也从这时候开始，种下了日后恶性竞争的种子。因为电视节目预算不高，没办法维持过去的高水平演出，又有收视压力，于是模仿电视肥皂剧的卡通节目，也从这个时候开始出现，并成为当时的普遍现象，这些作品作工低落，创意枯竭，以传统动画观点来看，都是些很劣质的东西。但成本低，作画速度快，观众也爱看，所以逐渐取代过去的优质节目，劣币驱逐良币。但电视公司老板必不因此而满足，还想再压低成本，于是便往外收购便宜的电视动画。而我们所关注的日本动画，就是在这样的时空背景下，踏入美国这块陌生的土地。一九六三年，第一部引入美国的日本动画，为手冢大师的《铁臂阿童木》。观众感觉新鲜，反应不恶，但严格的传统动画爱好者，对这些便宜货并没有什么好感。历史学家Stefan Kanfer在其论述中如此说道，「ABC、NBC、CBS嫌本国动画太贵，纷纷自日本进口更低劣的卡通，对美国的动画发展无异雪上加霜。」

也就是说，手冢治虫等日本动画先行者，虽然成功打开海外市场，但其实评价不高，质量不怎么样，只是相对便宜而已。这个粗劣的刻板印象，一直维持到八零年代。直到一九八八年，《阿基拉》在美国上映，那超细致、超魄力的画面，超越当时写实电影特效极限的极限动画，震撼了当时的美国人，让他们惊觉到，原来日本动画已经进步到这个地步了。于是对日本动画逐渐改观，并产生一些额外的兴趣。骨灰级日本动画代理公司，ADV，也在差不多这个时候，开始发迹。
美国就跟中国一样，代理工作永远落在网上翻译的后头。许多知名动画，都是先有无偿薪的字幕组制作翻译后，才正式引进代理。这种字幕制作在美国称为Fansub，如今已经很普遍，跟现行的中国一样，新番的翻译字幕也是遍地开花。不同在于美国的字幕组与代理商两者并不冲突，可以同时存在，共存共荣。他们之间有条不成文的默契，即字幕组可以任意制作和发布加上字幕的动画，不过一旦代理商谈妥代理版权后，该部作品就要从资源网撤下，并及时停止翻译制作的工作。

代理商觉得这些字幕组把新的动画介绍进来，等于是帮他们做免费的宣传，省下一笔开销，何乐而不为；等到人气达到一定程度后，代理商再抢下版权，并请专业的声优配音，制成DVD来贩卖，通常还是很有市场，不会因为看过Fansub版本的动画后，就不买代理商的帐，这是因为美国人习惯看英语配音的影剧，不论是电影、影集或动画皆如此，所以代理商才对字幕组的侵权行为，采放任的策略。过去，美国的动画配音比较俭朴，水平低劣，跟录像带店的老旧港片差不多。不过近年来，配音的要求越来越高，已经达到日本动画迷可以接受的水平，笔者过去曾看过美国配音的《FLCL》，声音表情圆润自然，私心以为并不输原版的配音，大家有机会的话可以找来比较看看。

而网上私人的漫画翻译，一般称为Scanlation，可以视为scan（扫描）和translate（翻译）的结合词汇。他们发布热门新作的速度也很快，与国内相比不惶多让；但更值得嘉许的，是他们不仅翻译一般流行的少年少女漫画，对于青年漫画也多有涉猎，甚至部分还热衷于挖掘比较偏门、比较冷辟的作品，可谓多元发展。

这是网上私人翻译背后的一个重大意义，因为目前还有不少国家，日本动漫的发展尚未成熟，引进的作品不多，又对蝌蚪似的日文兴趣缺缺，所以网络上的英文翻译，往往成为他们窥伺日本动漫世界的窗口。甚而有些如上述询问SnoopyCool的非英语系网友，对英语版本做二次翻译，介绍给自己家乡的人民认识，无形间扩展了日本动漫的影响力。
最好不要机器翻译， 拜托各位英语高手了！！！
主要帮忙翻译一下第一和第二段， 别的就无所谓了

Answer 1

The American animation cost of early years is high, the painting work is meticulous, the clever thought is also many, the stage is mainly in the big screen, being the movie to open of adjust.But after television invent, television violent radicalism roll up since then, let American animation also be subjected to the influence, turn go toward the small screen development from the big screen in succession, but also from start by this time, sow the seed of the unfair competition in the days to come.Because the television program budget is not high, have no the high level performance that the way maintenance pass by, and then accept to see the pressure, hence the mimicry cartoon program of the television soap opera, also have appear since this time, and became the widespread phenomenon at that time, these works work low fall, the creativity is dried up, seeing with the traditional animation standpoint, is all some very inferior things.But the cost is low, making to draw the speed quick, the audience also loves to see, so the high-quality program that replace to pass by gradually, the base coin drives out the good currency.But the television company boss necessarily not therefore satisfy, still want to press again low cost, hence go toward the television animation that the outside procures the cheapness then.But the Japanese animation that we pay attention to, is under such timespace background, step into this unfamiliar land in the United States.In 1963, the first lead into the United States of Japanese animation, is the hand 冢 master of 《 the iron arm 阿童 wood 》 .The audience feel fresh, respond not bad, but strictly traditional animation fancier, have no good will to these gewgaws.The historian Stefan Kanfer says thus in it discuss," the ABC, NBC, CBS dislikes the native animation too costly, import the much lower and inferior cartoon from Japan in succession, to the animation development just like snow of the United States up add frost."

Also is to say, the hand 冢 cures the Japanese animation of etc. of insect in advance, although succeed to open the oversea market, evaluate in fact not high, quantity not how, is just opposite cheapness.This thick inferior stereotype, had been maintain till the 8's.Till 1988, 《 the 阿基 pull 》 be shown in the United States, that is super meticulous, the appearance of the super energy, surmount the extreme limit animation of the realistic movie special effect extreme limit at that time, shocked the then American, made them surprised to feel, originally the Japanese animation has already progressed this situation.Hence present new look to the Japanese animation gradually, and produce some additional interests.The Japanese animation of cremated ashes class acts for the company, ADV, also at about this time, start make good.
The United States is similar to China, acting for the work to fall forever on the net the rear of the translation.Many well-known animation, is all to have a creation of sub-title translation of the gratis salary first after, just usher in the agency formally.This kind of sub-title manufacture is called the Fansub in the United States, already very widespread now, similar to current China, the translation sub-title of the new 番 also blooms all over the place.The dissimilarity lies in the sub-title set and business agents of the United States both not conflict, can exist at the same time, coexistence total glory.They have an unspoken tacit understanding, namely the sub-title set can manufacture and release the animation of plus the sub-title arbitrarily, however once act for to talk the secure agency copyright, the department's work will withdraw the bottom from the resources net, and the work of the in time stop translation creation.

The business agent feels that these sub-titles set come in the new animation introduction, ising tantamount to do the free publicity for them, reduce an expense, why should not be happy to do it;Wait until the person after spirit attain the certain degree, the business agent rob again copyright, and invite the voice of the profession excellent dub, make into the DVD to sell, usually still very have the market, can't because saw the animation of the edition of Fansub after, don't buy the debt of the business agent, this is because the American sees the play of 影 that English dub habitually, is movie, shows or animations in spite of all such, so business agent just to the infringement behavior of the sub-title set, adopt the permissive strategy.In the past, the animation of the United States dub more the 俭朴 , the level is inferior, was about with the old and old harbor slice of the videotape store.However in recent years, the request for dub is more and more high, having already attained the Japanese animation to be fond of the acceptable level, the writer relatively see in the past once see over the United States dub of 《 FLCL 》 , a smooth nature of orotund facial expression, selfishness think not lose source version dub, everyone have words of opportunity can seek.

But the net ascend the private cartoon translation, being called the Scanlation generally, can be regarded as the scan( scan) and translate( translation) to combine the phrase to remit.They release the popular lately- make speed also very quick, compare with domestic not the 惶 lets much;But more worthy of praise, is they not only translate the general fad of young young girl cartoon, for the youth cartoon but also much study haphazardly, even part of still fall overboard for to scoop out to compare the side door, colder the work that open up, it may be said diverse development.

This is the net up the private translation back of a great significance, because still have not a few nations so far, Japan moves the development of the 漫 still immaturity, the work that usher in is not much, again the interest in Japanese in tadpole lack, so English on the network translation, usually become the window way that they watch and wait Japan to move the 漫 world.Very but some as above say to inquire the SnoopyCool non- English department net friend, do to English edition to translate two times, introduce to oneself's home town of people know, the invisible expanded Japan moves the 漫 of influence.

Answer 2

Early American animation high cost, painters, meticulous, think of opportunely, mainly in the big screen stage as the movie opened.But after the invention of television, the television, swept America animation also affected, in succession from big screen into small screen development, but also from the start, at this time of the seeds of future malignant competition.Because TV budget is not high, can't maintain high levels of the past, and viewing pressure, and imitate the TV soap opera, also from this cartoon programs, and began to appear became common phenomenon, these works, creative work, with traditional animation view, is all some very bad thing.But cost is low, drawing speed, the audience like, so gradually replace the inferior quality, past good money out.But television company boss will not meet again, also want to lower costs, so he went to the acquisition of cheap TV animation.While we are concerned, the Japanese animation in such space-time background, this strange land.In 1963, first introduced in the United States, the Japanese animation for tezuka master astro boy." The audience feel fresh and response, but not evil strict traditional animation of the fans, and no bargain.In the Kanfer Stefan historians of so, "said the ABC, NBC, CBS disrelish domestic animation is too expensive, since Japan imports more inferior to American animated cartoon." as development.

actually open evaluation is not high, quality, it is relatively cheap.The poor stereotypes and lasted until the sits.Until 1988, "o" in America, and the super meticulous, energy, beyond the limit at the movie effects, animation, the limits of the American people, let they realize that Japanese animation has advanced to the point.And so on Japanese animation, and gradually some additional interest.Hardcore Japanese animation ADV agency, in this time, too, began almost began.
With China, America will never fall in agency work behind the online translation.Many famous cartoon, there are free of subtitle group making translation after the formal introduction agent.The subtitle make in the United States called Fansub, now have become very popular in China, with the same, the translated subtitles and new blossom.The difference lies in that American subtitle group and agent, can not conflict between simultaneously, coexistence.They have the tacit understanding, namely the unwritten subtitle group can be released and add subtitles animation, but once agency completed negotiations, the works copyright agent shall withdraw from the resources, time and net work of translation to stop.

Subtitle group think these agents in the new animation is introduced, and then to help them make free publicity, save an expense, too, Until the popularity to a certain extent, agents, and then grabbed the copyright of the voice actresses' actual recordings, professional soundtrack to sell DVD, usually is a market, not because Fansub seen after the animation version, don't buy, because the agent americans are used to read English dubbing, whether the YingJu album or animation film, it's so agents for infringement of the translation groups, indulge strategy.In the past, America's animation is simple, inferior level voice and video stores with old port chips.But in recent years, the demand is higher and higher, voice has reached the Japanese animation fan acceptable level, the author had seen the FLCL American dubbing voice, "expression of natural, that doesn't selfishness round the original soundtrack, you lose a chance to find to compare.

While private comic translation, commonly referred to as Scanlation, can scan (scan) and translate (translated) combination of vocabulary.They hit new speed also compared with domestic quickly, more let not shatter, But the more remarkable, they are not only the young girl general popular translation for youth cartoon caricature, too much, still keen to excavate part even compare partial door, colder monarch, the multivariate development work.

This is a private translating online behind, because there is significant in many countries, the development of Japanese cartoon is not yet, few works, and the introduction of tadpole like Japanese interest in the Internet, so English translation, and often become they spied out the window Japanese anime.Even some of the SnoopyCool asked if the English version of English, translate, introduce twice their own hometown people's understanding, expand the anime between invisible.

Answer 3

Early American animation high cost, painters, meticulous, think of opportunely, mainly in the big screen stage as the movie opened. But after the invention of television, the television, swept America animation also affected, in succession from big screen into small screen development, but also from the start, at this time of the seeds of future malignant competition. Because TV budget is not high, can't maintain high levels of the past, and viewing pressure, and imitate the TV soap opera, also from this cartoon programs, and began to appear became common phenomenon, these works, creative work, with traditional animation view, is all some very bad thing. But cost is low, drawing speed, the audience like, so gradually replace the inferior quality, past good money out. But television company boss will not meet again, also want to lower costs, so he went to the acquisition of cheap TV animation. While we are concerned, the Japanese animation in such space-time background, this strange land. In 1963, first introduced in the United States, the Japanese animation for tezuka master astro boy." The audience feel fresh and response, but not evil strict traditional animation of the fans, and no bargain. In the Kanfer Stefan historians of so, "said the ABC, NBC, CBS disrelish domestic animation is too expensive, since Japan imports more inferior to us, the cartoon animation is."

Namely, tezuka osama forerunner, although such Japanese animation successful overseas markets, but actually open evaluation is not high, quality, it is relatively cheap. The poor stereotypes and lasted until the sits. Until 1988, "o" in America, and the super meticulous, energy, beyond the limit at the movie effects, animation, the limits of the American people, let they realize that Japanese animation has advanced to the point. And so on Japanese animation, and gradually some additional interest. Hardcore Japanese animation ADV agency, in this time, too, began almost began.
With China, America will never fall in agency work behind the online translation. Many famous cartoon, there are free of subtitle group making translation after the formal introduction agent. The subtitle make in the United States called Fansub, now have become very popular in China, with the same, the translated subtitles and new blossom. The difference lies in that American subtitle group and agent, can not conflict between simultaneously, coexistence. They have the tacit understanding, namely the unwritten subtitle group can be released and add subtitles animation, but once agency completed negotiations, the works copyright agent shall withdraw from the resources, time and net work of translation to stop.

Subtitle group think these agents in the new animation is introduced, and then to help them make free publicity, save an expense, too, Until the popularity to a certain extent, agents, and then grabbed the copyright of the voice actresses' actual recordings, professional soundtrack to sell DVD, usually is a market, not because Fansub seen after the animation version, don't buy, because the agent americans are used to read English dubbing, whether the YingJu album or animation film, it's so agents for infringement of the translation groups, indulge strategy. In the past, America's animation is simple, inferior level voice and video stores with old port chips. But in recent years, the demand is higher and higher, voice has reached the Japanese animation fan acceptable level, the author had seen the FLCL American dubbing voice, "expression of natural, that doesn't selfishness round the original soundtrack, you lose a chance to find to compare.

While private comic translation, commonly referred to as Scanlation, can scan (scan) and translate (translated) combination of vocabulary. They hit new speed also compared with domestic quickly, more let not shatter, But the more remarkable, they are not only the young girl general popular translation for youth cartoon caricature, too much, still keen to excavate part even compare partial door, colder monarch, the multivariate development work.

This is a private translating online behind, because there is significant in many countries, the development of Japanese cartoon is not yet, few works, and the introduction of tadpole like Japanese interest in the Internet, so English translation, and often become they spied out the window Japanese anime. Even some of the SnoopyCool asked if the English version of English, translate, introduce twice their own hometown people's understanding, expand the anime between invisible.
应该是的。

Answer 4

自己想办法吧、、

实在太多了、、、、

Answer 5

Early American animation high cost, painters, meticulous, think of opportunely, mainly in the big screen stage as the movie opened. But after the invention of television, the television, swept America animation also affected, in succession from big screen into small screen development, but also from the start, at this time of the seeds of future malignant competition. Because TV budget is not high, can't maintain high levels of the past, and viewing pressure, and imitate the TV soap opera, also from this cartoon programs, and began to appear became common phenomenon, these works, creative work, with traditional animation view, is all some very bad thing. But cost is low, drawing speed, the audience like, so gradually replace the inferior quality, past good money out. But television company boss will not meet again, also want to lower costs, so he went to the acquisition of cheap TV animation. While we are concerned, the Japanese animation in such space-time background, this strange land. In 1963, first introduced in the United States, the Japanese animation for tezuka master astro boy." The audience feel fresh and response, but not evil strict traditional animation of the fans, and no bargain. In the Kanfer Stefan historians of so, "said the ABC, NBC, CBS disrelish domestic animation is too expensive, since Japan imports more inferior to us, the cartoon animation is."

Namely, tezuka osama forerunner, although such Japanese animation successful overseas markets, but actually open evaluation is not high, quality, it is relatively cheap. The poor stereotypes and lasted until the sits. Until 1988, "o" in America, and the super meticulous, energy, beyond the limit at the movie effects, animation, the limits of the American people, let they realize that Japanese animation has advanced to the point. And so on Japanese animation, and gradually some additional interest. Hardcore Japanese animation ADV agency, in this time, too, began almost began.
With China, America will never fall in agency work behind the online translation. Many famous cartoon, there are free of subtitle group making translation after the formal introduction agent. The subtitle make in the United States called Fansub, now have become very popular in China, with the same, the translated subtitles and new blossom. The difference lies in that American subtitle group and agent, can not conflict between simultaneously, coexistence. They have the tacit understanding, namely the unwritten subtitle group can be released and add subtitles animation, but once agency completed negotiations, the works copyright agent shall withdraw from the resources, time and net work of translation to stop.第一段和第二段的！Subtitle group think these agents in the new animation is introduced, and then to help them make free publicity, save an expense, too, Until the popularity to a certain extent, agents, and then grabbed the copyright of the voice actresses' actual recordings, professional soundtrack to sell DVD, usually is a market, not because Fansub seen after the animation version, don't buy, because the agent americans are used to read English dubbing, whether the YingJu album or animation film, it's so agents for infringement of the translation groups, indulge strategy. In the past, America's animation is simple, inferior level voice and video stores with old port chips. But in recent years, the demand is higher and higher, voice has reached the Japanese animation fan acceptable level, the author had seen the FLCL American dubbing voice, "expression of natural, that doesn't selfishness round the original soundtrack, you lose a chance to find to compare.

While private comic translation, commonly referred to as Scanlation, can scan (scan) and translate (translated) combination of vocabulary. They hit new speed also compared with domestic quickly, more let not shatter, But the more remarkable, they are not only the young girl general popular translation for youth cartoon caricature, too much, still keen to excavate part even compare partial door, colder monarch, the multivariate development work.

This is a private translating online behind, because there is significant in many countries, the development of Japanese cartoon is not yet, few works, and the introduction of tadpole like Japanese interest in the Internet, so English translation, and often become they spied out the window Japanese anime. Even some of the SnoopyCool asked if the English version of English, translate, introduce twice their own hometown people's understanding, expand the anime between invisible.

Answer 6

he high cost of early American animation, fine art work, ingenuity has more stage mainly in the big screen, as the opening film transfers. However, after the invention of television, from television craze sweeping, animation also affected the United States, have transferred from the big screen the development of the small screen, but this time to start, planted the seeds of future cut-throat competition. Because television program budget is not high, no way to maintain a high level of past performance, but also ratings pressure, thus imitating cartoons television soap opera, this time from starting to emerge and become a common phenomenon at that time, these works conduct their low creativity depleted to the point of view of traditional animation are some very bad things. However, low cost, speed painting, the audience also like to watch, it gradually replaced the previous quality programs, bad money drives out good money. But TV bosses will not be satisfied, they want to lower the costs, so they bought out cheap TV animation. But we are concerned with Japanese animation, is in such a space-time background, into a strange piece of land in the U.S.. In 1963, the first Japanese animation to introduce the United States, for the master Tezuka's "Astro Boy." The audience feeling fresh, the reaction is not evil, but strictly traditional animation fans, and these cheap little goodwill. Historian Stefan Kanfer said in his discourse that, "ABC, NBC, CBS national animation too expensive, have a more inferior imported from Japan cartoons, animation development is no different from the U.S. worse."

In other words, such as Japanese animation pioneer Osamu Tezuka, though an opening in the overseas market, but in fact not been great, quality not very good, but it is relatively inexpensive. The crude stereotypes, has been maintained to 80 years. Until 1988, "Akira" released in the United States, that ultra-fine, ultra-bold picture, beyond the limits of movie special effects were realistic limit animation was shocked Americans, so that they realize that the original Japanese animation has advanced to such an extent. Then gradually change in Japanese animation, and generate some extra interest. Hardcore Japanese animation agency, ADV, also about this time began to fortune.

U.S. Jiugen, like China, agency work always falls behind online translation. Many well-known animation, are paid first, free translation subtitles group produced only after the formal introduction of proxy. This subtitling in the United States known as the Fansub, now very common, with the current China, the new barbarians subtitle translation is blossom everywhere. Different subtitles in the United States between groups and agents do not conflict, can coexist, coexistence and common prosperity. Their unwritten agreement between the articles, that subtitles group can create and publish any animation with subtitles, but once the agents reach an agreement after the copyright agency, the Department should work removed from the resource network, and promptly stop the translation production work.

Agents feel that the new animated subtitles groups were introduced, and so help them to do so for free publicity, a cost savings, why not; to wait until a certain level of popularity, the agent and then grabbed the copyright, and invited professional seiyuu voice, made from DVD to sell, or very often the market will not read the Fansub version of the animation, the agents do not buy the account, because the American habit of English dubbing, entertainment, Whether the film, album or animation are so, so dealers Caidui subtitles group violations, adopted a laissez-faire strategy. In the past, the United States, animations more frugal, the level of poor, with video tapes about the old Hong Kong films. But in recent years, dubbed the increasingly high demand for Japanese animation fans have reached an acceptable level, I have seen the United States over the last voice of "FLCL", rounded natural sound expression, selfishness that does not lose the voice of original, we have If you can get more opportunities to see.

The private online comic translation, commonly known as Scanlation, can be considered as scan (scan) and translate (translation) of the combination of words. Their hot new release to make very fast, and domestic anxiety more so than not; but more commendable is that they not only translated the general popularity of the young girls cartoons, comics are more for young people have adopted the materials, and even some also interested in mining more vice-business, the provision of more cold work can be described as pluralism.

This is the line behind a private translation of great significance, because there are still many countries, Japanese anime is still not mature, the introduction of small works, but also lack of interest on the tadpole-like Japanese, so English translation of the network, They often become the world's window watching Japanese anime. Some even asked if the non-English-speaking users SnoopyCool, do the English version of the second translation, introduced to the people of his hometown understanding between the expansion of the invisible influence of Japanese animation.