Question

请教老师一句英语语法。

John Dewey has said in all seriousness that the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual, as against any way in which he can affect traditional custom, is as the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue against those words of his own baby talk that are ttaakkeenn uupp into the vernacular of his family.

其中，前半句中的as against 和 后半句中的 as........against..... 是同样的意思吗？分别在句中有语法功能？

Answer 1

句子意思：约翰.杜威曾经非常严肃地指出：风俗在形成个人行为方面所起的作用与一个他对风俗的任何影响相比，就好像他本国语言的总词汇量和自己咿呀学语时他家庭所接纳的他的词汇量之比。
这句话the part是从句中的主语as against 是可以看做从句中的状语...is 是系动词as...against...是表语从句 本句型解释为,什么与什么相比就像什么与什么相比。

追问

请问老师为什么从句中用 as against ，而表语中用against，但是两者的意思都是 什么与什么相比，against 可以 替代 as against 吗？

追答

纠正一下 后面不是表语从句
两个都是介词短语
第一个=as (the part) against any way

其实这种表达 也有人认为是省略的非限制性定从=as is against any way

追问

请问老师，as...against... 其中 as 能否翻译成“ 像...”，做连词？此外，as...against...如果不是表语，它在句中是什么语法功能？

追答

as...against... 其中 as 可以翻译成“ 像...”，可以看做后面省略了sth is的连词。
此外，as...against...是表语，是介词短语作表语，不是从句作表语。后面的that are。。。是定语从句修饰those words of his own baby talk

Answer 2

这里就是比较。the part played by custom in shaping the behavior of the individual, as against any way in which he can affect traditional custom 就像后面的：
the proportion of the total vocabulary of his mother tongue against those words of his own baby talk that are ttaakkeenn uupp into the vernacular of his family.

Answer 3

两个结构意思基本相近，第一个as against出现在插入语位置，举例说明习俗是用来制止个人所能做出的对于传统的影响，第二个as against出现在主句部分，as当“作为” 讲，against的 双方是全部母语词汇和牙牙学语时的家庭语汇。 整个句子翻译如下：
乔治杜威曾正式说过，习俗在规范个人行为时发挥出的作用，譬如对于那些个人改变习俗行为的制止， 就像是用一个人母语的全部词汇组成去反对他牙牙学语时的家庭语汇。