Question

麻烦高手翻译一篇材料类文章

3熔接痕
塑料熔体在充型过程中，两股相向熔体汇合处就形成熔接痕。由于制件熔接痕的存在，不仅影响制件的外观质量，而且影响制件的强度，在使用时该处容易断裂。
当前对于薄壁成型过程中制件熔接痕的产生及其主要影响因素的理论研究也较多，例如，江苏大学的袁国定、胡曙光、韩阳飞[28]等通过建立非等温非牛顿Hele一Show流体模型和幂律勃度模型或CrosS勃度模型，利用Moldnow分析，通过对不通浇口位置进行流模分析，预测制件可能存在的气泡位置和熔接痕位置，以确定最佳浇口位置和数量，并以照相机外壳和手机前壳等注塑产品进行了分析验证，取得了较好的效果。
研究结果表明，熔接痕的产生主要与温度有关，在低温的情况下，聚合物熔体的流动、汇合性能降低，容易产生熔接痕现象。熔体充模温度过低、充模时间过短、注射压力及保压压力过低等都会使制品具有产生熔接痕的倾向。另外，制品结构设计不合理，模具排气不畅等也是影响制品产生熔接痕的原因。
因此，对于制件熔接痕缺陷的控制，可以通过合理的控制熔体充模温度、模具
温度、充模时间，以及注射压力和保压压力等成型因素对其进行控制。
4裂纹
塑料制件裂纹的产生与残余应力有关，薄壁件一般在成型过程中冷却时间极短，一般都在几秒或更短时间，使得高分子聚合物来不及弹性释放而产生残余应力，制件开模之后应力释放的结果将增加制件产生翘曲变形、开裂等缺陷的倾向。
对于塑料薄壁件产生裂纹的影响工艺因素，目前国内外也有很多相关研究，台湾wc.BushLko和vK.stokes.1291研究了成型工艺参数，如模具温度、熔体温度、保压压力以及塑件壁厚等对制件收缩和残余应力的影响，研究结果表明，保压压力是影响产品收缩变形的重要因素，而模具和熔体温度则影响较小，保压力越高，收缩变形越小。以色列的s.Kenig、A.Ben一David和M.omerl30]通过实验研究了保压参数和浇口几何尺寸对最终产品尺寸稳定性的影响，结果证明，在同样的模具压力情况下，小浇口对制件的收缩变形影响较小，在恒定的压力情况下，大浇口注塑不可能得到均匀一致的收缩尺寸。

Answer 1

3 welds trace plastic melts body in charge type process, two strand of the trace forming a weld each other right away to melting experiencing and observing the confluence place. Because of the existence making piece of weld trace, not only mass, moreover effect affecting the outward appearance making a piece makes piece of intensity, that place is when being put into use easy to break. The creation making piece of weld trace currently to thin-wall in molding process and their main influencing factor theory go into is also more , for instance, Yuan Guo Ding , Hu Shu Guang , Han Yang Fei of Jiangsu university are not that the Newton Hele one Show fluid model and the power law spend a model suddenly or CrosS spends the model , the analysis making use of Moldnow suddenly [28] grade by the fact that building-up is not isothermal , the model analyses by the fact that running gate location carries out a stream on clausura, forecast air bubble location and weld trace location that system there exists in piece of possibility, To ascertain the best running gate location and quantity, and outer covering and mobile telephone front shell etc. produces plastic articles by injection moulding with the camera the product has carried out analytical verification , has got fairly good effect. The creation the result studying being indicated , melting receiving trace is connected with the temperature mainly, under low-temperature situation, the polymer melts body's flow , confluence function lessening, phenomenon easy to produce weld trace. Melting experiencing and observing cities such as have charge the model temperature low , have charge model time shortly , have injected pressure and guaranteeing pressure low makes products have the inclination producing weld trace. Another , products physical design are unreasonable , the mould exhausts no smooth wait to be also to affect products producing weld trace cause. Controlling making the piece of weld trace defect therefore , with regard to, not bad the body charge the model temperature , the mould temperature , charge model time by the fact that rational controlling melts, control as well as molding factors such as injecting pressure and guaranteeing pressure is in progress to the person.

4 crack plastic makes piece of the crack creation and remains strain in relation to , the time cooling down in the process of molding like the thin-wall part is extremely short, in general being in several seconds or shorter time, elasticity releases the feasible high polymer too late but produce remains strain, make the result that strain releases after dying sinking piece will increase by making the inclination producing buckling defects such as deformation , dehiscence piece. The thin-wall part produces the crack effect handicraft factor to plastic , also has many relevances go into , the Taiwan wc at present at home and abroad. BushLko and vK.stokes. 1291 has studied the molding technological parameter , has indicated if the impact of the mould temperature , melting experiencing and observing the temperature , guaranteeing pressure and moulding piece of wall thickness and so on over system document contraction and remains strain, studies result, guaranteeing pressure is to affect a product contracting the deformable key factor , that the mould composes in reply the body temperature melting is that effect is less , guarantees pressure feeling smaller , as high , contracting deformation more but. Israel s. One David and M.omerl30] testify Kenig , A.Ben by the fact that the experiment has studied the impact of pressure maintaining parameter and running gate geometry dimension over end item dimension stability, bears fruit , under same mould pressure situation, the small running gate contraction deformation effect to making a piece is less , big running gates produce plastic articles by injection moulding under constant pressure situation, being contracted a dimension homogeneously consistently impossibly.

Answer 2

Three weld marks
Plastic melt in the mold filling process, the two sides on the formation of melt weld marks the confluence. Weld marks as a result of the existence of parts, not only affects the appearance of parts quality and the impact of the strength of parts in the easy to use fracture.
The current process for forming thin-walled parts of the resulting weld marks and its main influencing factors are also more theoretical study, for example, set Yuan Jiangsu University, Hu Shuguang,Han yangfei[twenty-eight], such as through the establishment of non-isothermal non-Newtonian Hele a Show fluid model and the power-law model or Bo Bo CrosS model, using Moldnow analysis, through the barrier gate location for mold flow analysis, forecasting air bubbles that may exist in parts location and the location of weld marks in order to determine the optimal gate location and the number of cameras and before the shell casings and mobile phone products, such as injection analysis to verify, and achieved good results.
The results show that the generation of welding marks and temperature, and at low temperatures, the polymer melt flow, the convergence performance, easily lead to the phenomenon of weld marks. Melt molding temperature is too low, too short filling time, injection pressure and the pressure of low pressure and so will produce products with a tendency to weld marks. In addition, the structural design of products unreasonable, mold is the impact of exhaust products, such as poor welding have a reason for marks.
Therefore, the defective parts to control weld marks can melt through the rational control of molding temperature, mold
Temperature, filling time, as well as the injection pressure and pressure forming factors such as pressure control.
Four crack
Plastic parts crack and residual stress of the thin-walled parts in shaping the course of the general cooling time is very short, generally a few seconds or less in time, too late to make flexible polymers have a residual stress release, to open parts mode after the stress release of the results will be generated to increase warpage parts, the tendency of the defects such as cracking.
Thin-walled plastic parts for cracks factors the impact of technology, both at home and abroad there are many related research in Taiwan and wc.BushLko studied vK.stokes.1291 molding process parameters, such as mold temperature, melt temperature, packing pressure, as well as plastic parts wall thickness of parts, such as contraction and the effects of residual stress, the results show that the pressure is affecting systolic pressure an important factor in the deformation, and mold and melt temperature was less affected, the higher the security pressure, the smaller the shrinkage deformation. Israel s.Kenig, A. Ben I. David and M.
omerl30] experimentally studied the pressure parameters and gate geometry on the stability of the final product size of the impact of the results shows that the pressure in the same mold, the small gate of the contraction deformation of the parts is less, in constant the pressure of circumstances, the injection gate can not be of uniform size contraction.

Answer 3

3 weld marks
Plastic melt in the mold filling process, the two sides on the formation of melt weld marks the confluence. Weld marks as a result of the existence of parts, not only affects the appearance of parts quality and the impact of the strength of parts in the easy to use fracture.
The current process for forming thin-walled parts of the resulting weld marks and its main influencing factors are also more theoretical study, for example, set Yuan Jiangsu University, Hu Shuguang,韩阳fly [28], such as through the establishment of non-isothermal non-Newtonian Hele a Show fluid model and the power-law model or Bo Bo CrosS model, using Moldnow analysis, through the barrier gate location for mold flow analysis, forecasting air bubbles that may exist in parts location and the location of weld marks in order to determine the optimal gate location and the number of cameras and before the shell casings and mobile phone products, such as injection analysis to verify, and achieved good results.
The results show that the generation of welding marks and temperature, and at low temperatures, the polymer melt flow, the convergence performance, easily lead to the phenomenon of weld marks. Melt molding temperature is too low, too short filling time, injection pressure and the pressure of low pressure and so will produce products with a tendency to weld marks. In addition, the structural design of products unreasonable, mold is the impact of exhaust products, such as poor welding have a reason for marks.
Therefore, the defective parts to control weld marks can melt through the rational control of molding temperature, mold
Temperature, filling time, as well as the injection pressure and pressure forming factors such as pressure control.
4 crack
Plastic parts crack and residual stress of the thin-walled parts in shaping the course of the general cooling time is very short, generally a few seconds or less in time, too late to make flexible polymers have a residual stress release, to open parts mode after the stress release of the results will be generated to increase warpage parts, the tendency of the defects such as cracking.
Thin-walled plastic parts for cracks factors the impact of technology, both at home and abroad there are many related research in Taiwan and wc.BushLko studied vK.stokes.1291 molding process parameters, such as mold temperature, melt temperature, packing pressure, as well as plastic parts wall thickness of parts, such as contraction and the effects of residual stress, the results show that the pressure is affecting systolic pressure an important factor in the deformation, and mold and melt temperature was less affected, the higher the security pressure, the smaller the shrinkage deformation. Israel s.Kenig, A. Ben a David and M.omerl30] experimentally studied the pressure parameters and gate geometry on the stability of the final product size of the impact of the results shows that the pressure in the same mold, the small water the mouth of the contraction deformation of the parts is less significant than that in the case of constant pressure, the injection gate can not be of uniform size contraction.