Question

急求一篇关于中国餐桌礼仪文化的英语作文,四级水平即可,120字,谢谢!

Answer 1

如果你失去了今天，你不算失败，因为明天会再来。
如果你失去了金钱，你不算失败，因为人生的价值不在钱袋。
如果你失去了文明，你是彻彻底底的失败，因为你已经失去了做人的真谛。
文明涵盖了人与人、人与社会、人与自然之间的关系。它的主要作用，一是追求个人道德完善，一是维护公众利益、公共秩序。
说到文明礼仪，我想到了一个故事。有一次，列宁同志下楼，在楼梯狭窄的过道上，正碰见一个女工端着一盆水上楼。那女工一看是列宁，就要退回去给让路。列宁阻止她说：“不必这样，你端着东西已走了半截，而我现在空手，请你先过去吧！”他把“请”字说得很响亮，很亲切。然后自己紧靠着墙，让女工上楼了，他才下楼。这不也是良好文明礼仪的体现么？
这里我不想过多地举伟人的例子，因为这很容易令大家产生一种错觉：认为文明礼仪只是伟人、名人才具备，那么我们将无需为自己或多或少的不文明言行而愧疚；或者认为即使践行了文明的要求，也并不因之成为伟人、名人。我们不但要有讲道德的大人物，我们更需要一群有道德的民众。
一个社会的公共文明水平，可以折射出一个社会一个国家的文明程度，一个人如果不遵守社会文明，小的会影响自身形象，大的会影响国家声誉。在清朝的时候，大臣李鸿章出使俄国，在一公开场合，恶习发作，随地吐了一口痰，被外国记者大加渲染、嘲弄，丢尽了中国人的脸。这是一个不遵守社会文明的历史教训。
公共文明是社会意识的一种体现，而公共文明又建立在个人的道德修养水平之上。试想一下，如果有人不注重自身的文明修养，他会有良好的公共文明吗？不会！个人文明礼仪是根、是本。人要有良好的公共文明必须先从自身做起，从身边做起。所以鲁迅先生说：“中国欲存争于天下，其首在立人，人立而后凡事举。”“立人”的意思便是要完善人的思想和文明修养，人的文明修养并不是与生俱来的，而是靠后天不断完善的。要完善个人修养，首先要致力于读书求学，完善自身的认知水平；认知到达一定水平，就有了明辨是非的能力；有了分辨是非善恶的能力，就要端正自身的心态，不违背自己的良知，努力使自己的一言一行都符合道德的标准，自己的修养便得到完善。这就是古人所说的：格物、致知、诚意、正心、修身。完善个人道德修养，便有了推进社会公共文明的基础。
而一个社会的文明氛围对他的民众亦有莫大的影响。为什么这么讲呢？相信有的同学去过欧洲或日本，就很有亲身体会。大的不说，只看看过马路这样的小事。只要亮起红灯，纵使马路上一辆车都没有，外国人绝不会过马路。他们认为这是必须遵守的公共文明。试问，在如此的氛围中，有谁会肆无忌惮的闯红灯呢？这就是社会氛围的力量所在。但再想一想，如果我们不是从自身做起，这社会氛围又从何而来呢？
有记者访问一个获得诺贝尔奖的科学家，“教授，您人生最重要的东西是在哪儿学到的呢？”，“在幼儿园。在那里，我学到了令我终身受益的东西，比如说，有好东西要与朋友分享，谦让，吃饭前要洗手……”我们完善自己的文明修养也一样，并非一定要有什么了不起的举措，而是要从身边吃饭洗手这些小事做起。养成文明的习惯，使文明的观念从意识层次进入无意识层次，使文明贯穿我们的一举一动。
我们从小接受文明礼仪的教育，很多同学都可以滔滔不绝地大谈文明礼仪。可是看见校园中随处丢弃的饭盒，饮料瓶，听着某些同学口中吐出的脏话，怎能不教人痛心疾首呢！难道我们都是“语言的巨人，行动的矮人”么？明代大学者王守仁说“知是行的主意，行是知的功夫；知是行之始，行是知之成；知和行是一个本体、一个功夫。知而不行，只是未知。”我们接受文明礼仪的教育，自己却吝于履行、甚至反其道而行之，这跟从来没有接受社会教育有什么区别!所以我们要实践社会文明，就要从这“知行合一”上下功夫、从自己的坐言起行上下功夫，就要告别不文明的行为。

Answer 2

　　China Dining Custom
　　Table Manners

　　The main difference between Chinese and western eating habits is that unlike the West, where everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares. If you are being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a ton of food. Chinese are very proud of their culture of cuisine and will do their best to show their hospitality.

　　And sometimes the Chinese host use their chopsticks to put food in your bowl or plate. This is a sign of politeness. The appropriate thing to do would be to eat the whatever-it-is and say how yummy it is. If you feel uncomfortable with this, you can just say a polite thank you and leave the food there.

　　Eating No-no's

　　Don't stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl.Instead,lay them on your dish. The reason for this is that when somebody dies,the shrine to them contains a bowl of sand or rice with two sticks of incense stuck upright in it. So if you stick your chopsticks in the rice bowl, it looks like this shrine and is equivalent to wishing death upon a person at the table!

　　Make sure the spout of the teapot is not facing anyone. It is impolite to set the teapot down where the spout is facing towards somebody. The spout should always be directed to where nobody is sitting, usually just outward from the table.

　　Don't tap on your bowl with your chopsticks.Beggars tap on their bowls, so this is not polite.Also, when the food is coming too slow in a restarant, people will tap their bowls. If you are in someone's home,it is like insulting the cook.

　　Drinking

　　Gan Bei! (Cheers! “Gan Bei” literally means “dry [the] glass”) Besides beer, the official Chinese alcoholic beverage is Bai Jiu,high-proof Chinese liquor made from assorted grains. There are varying degrees of Bai Jiu. The Beijing favorite is called Er Guo Tou, which is a whopping 56% alcohol. More expensive are Maotai and Wuliangye.

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　　Of course, the main difference on the Chinese dinner table is chopsticks instead of knife and fork, but that’s only superficial. Besides, in decent restaurants, you can always ask for a pair of knife and fork, if you find the chopsticks not helpful enough. The real difference is that in the West, you have your own plate of food, while in China the dishes are placed on the table and everyone shares. If you are being treated to a formal dinner and particularly if the host thinks you’re in the country for the first time, he will do the best to give you a taste of many different types of dishes.

　　The meal usually begins with a set of at least four cold dishes, to be followed by the main courses of hot meat and vegetable dishes. Soup then will be served (unless in Guangdong style restaurants) to be followed by staple food ranging from rice, noodles to dumplings. If you wish to have your rice to go with other dishes, you should say so in good time, for most of the Chinese choose to have the staple food at last or have none of them at all.

　　Perhaps one of the things that surprises a Western visitor most is that some of the Chinese hosts like to put food into the plates of their guests. In formal dinners, there are always “public” chopsticks and spoons for this purpose, but some hosts may use their own chopsticks. This is a sign of genuine friendship and politeness. It is always polite to eat the food. If you do not eat it, just leave the food in the plate.

　　People in China tend to over-order food, for they will find it embarrassing if all the food is consumed. When you have had enough, just say so. Or you will always overeat!
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