Question

求高手帮忙翻译篇文文！！急

从广义上讲,idioms泛指一种民族语言中所有的习惯用语和特殊表达方法,可以是一个词,也可以是一个词组,也可以是一个句子。英语习语一般指狭义的idioms,指的是英语中长期以来习用的、表达完整意义的、结构定型的固定词组或短语。根据汪榕培、卢晓娟(1997),一般的英语习语具有以下特点:1.1长期的习用性,也就是说成语具有长久和旺盛的生命力。1.2语义的完整性,是指我们必须把成语作为一个整体来理解。1.3结构的固定性:成语的结构是固定的,一般不能用别的词———即使是同义词来代替。英语习语是英语中的重要组成部分,是英语的民族形式和各种修辞手段的集中体现,是英语中的某些部分经过长期反复使用后自然沉积形成的形式固定、简洁,寓意深刻、悠远的表达形式。英语习语作为一种特殊的语言形式,结构紧凑、含义深刻、语言生动、表达洗练、风格明快。在英语习语的学习和使用中,除了要注意到其语义特点、语法特点、搭配特点、文化特点等,还要注意到它的另外一个非常重要的因素:那就是英语习语的语体色彩。
2语体以及语体色彩
语体学是一门脱胎于传统修辞学和风格学而吸收了现代语言学成果的新兴学科。它在国外早已发展多年,而在国内却还是一个亟待全面开发的领域。语体学又称“功能修辞学”,是语言学的分支学科。它研究语言在运用于各种活动领域、交际环境中的语言变体时所应遵循的规律,研究由此而形成的不同功能语体的言语特征以及在功能语体中,选择和组织语言手段的规律。语体学家把语体界定为同一种语言品种的使用者在不同场合中所典型使用的该语言品种的变体,是一些在使用场合上有区别的同义变体的选择。由此可以看出语体是建立在同义性的基础上的,其研究对象为传递相同信息的同义语言成分之间的语体色彩的差异。如果一个词语只用于或经常用于某种语体之中,就会带上这种语体色彩,这就是词的“语体色彩”。英语习语是具有多种语体色彩的语言现象。
3英语习语的不同语体色彩
绝大多数英语习语属于中性语体色彩,有相当大的一部分属于非正式语体。但是由于其特殊的表达效果,还是很有必要探讨一下它们在不同场合的使用问题,也就是它们的不同语体色彩。英语习语含义深刻,并富于形象性。因此它们在一些语体中还是很活跃的,通常被用来深刻、生动、形象地表达思想内容。只有掌握了英语习语的不同语体色彩,才能使它们同我们所使用的语言相得益彰,相映成趣。例如“look down upon”与“lookdown one's nose at”均表示“轻视”,但语体色彩不同,前者属于语言共核部分(普通语体或者是中性语体),可以用在各种场合,感情平稳,既不过于强烈,也不过于黯淡,使用起来广泛而又安全;而后者属于俚语语体,带有诙谐戏谑的成分,虽显得不够庄重,反添亲切意味。它的使用范围就呈现一定的限制,只能用于随便、亲密的场合。因此,语言输出者要根据语言输入者的接受能力、理解能力及言语的实用性来实现交际活动。具体地讲,英语习语通常具有以下几种语体色彩:
3.1普通体、中性体的习语
普通体、中性体英语习语的使用,既不会使我们的表达过于专业化,也不会流于粗俗;既不会书生气、报纸味十足,也不会难登大雅之堂。这些习语不仅适应性强,而且使用起来安全可靠、周密稳妥。上述几个例句既可以出现在说话人的日常生活交谈中,也可以出现在一些书面材料中。不仅能使不同层次的读者和听众弄明白说话人的真实意图,而且说话人或作者也无须担心自己的言辞会对谁产生冒犯,发生尴尬情况。这种类型的习语也是外语学习者经常希望的理想境界,因为他们能做到学以致用。
2楼的用在线翻译器翻的。。。。

Answer 1

In broad terms, idioms language refers to a nation accustomed to all the special terminology and expression, can be a word, it can be a phrase, it can be a sentence. English Idioms generally refers to a narrow idioms, refers to the learning of English in a long time used to express the full meaning, structure, shape, or phrase of the fixed phrases. According to Pei汪榕,卢晓娟(1997), English Idioms in general have the following characteristics: 1.1 of conventional long-term, that is saying a long time and have great vitality. Semantic integrity of 1.2 means that we must be saying to understand as a whole. 1.3 fixed structure: the structure of idioms are fixed and can not be used generally in other words --- even if it is a synonym instead. English Idioms are an important component of English part of English and a variety of rhetorical devices民族形式a concentrated expression is in English of certain parts of repeated use over a long period after the deposition of the formation of natural form, simple,寓意深刻, expression distant. English Idioms of the language as a form of special, compact structure, the meaning of a deep, vivid language to express洗练, crisp style. Idioms in English learning and use, in addition to their semantic features should be noted that, grammar features, with features, cultural characteristics, but also noted that its a very important factor: that is the style of English Idioms color .
2 Style and Color Style
Learning style is derived from a traditional study of rhetoric and style and incorporates the results of modern linguistics, an emerging discipline. It has long been in development for many years abroad, while at home but is still a need in the field of comprehensive development. Learning style, also known as "function of rhetoric" is a branch of linguistics. Used it to study the language in various fields of activity, communication environment, when the language variant of the law to be followed to study the resulting different functional characteristics of language style, as well as in the functional style, select the language and organization of means of rule. Body language experts to define stylistic varieties of the same language as the user on different occasions by the typical varieties of the language used in the variant is the use of a number of occasions in different variants of the choice of synonyms. From this we can see that style is built on the basis of synonyms, and its research subjects for the same message between components of synonymous language style difference in color. If a word or frequently used only for a certain style, and style will bring this color, this is the word "color style." English Idioms style with a wide range of language phenomena of color.
3 English Idioms different color style
The vast majority of English Idioms style is neutral and has a large part of informal style. However, due to the expression of its special effects, or it is necessary to explore their use on different occasions, that is, their different color style. Profound meaning of English idioms, and of wealth to the image. So that they in some style in the still very active, often used to profound and vivid expression of the ideological content of the image. Only mastered English Idioms different color style to make them use the same language that we complement each other,相映成趣. For example, "look down upon" and "lookdown one's nose at" all that "contempt", but a different color style, the former belonging to the nuclear part of a total language (common language is a neutral body or body language), can be used in a variety of occasions, emotional stability, neither too strong nor too dim, use a wide range and security; and the latter are slang style, with witty banter of the composition, although it is not serious, anti-Tim means cordial. The scope of its use has certain limitations, can only be used for casual, intimate occasion. Therefore, the output from the language input in accordance with the acceptance, understanding and relevance of language to achieve communicative activities. Specifically, in English idiom usually style the following colors:
3.1 general body, a neutral body idioms
General body, a neutral body of the use of English Idioms, the expression of neither would be too specialized, we will not flow to the vulgar; neither bookish, newspapers full flavor, it would not difficult大雅之堂Gordon. Adaptable not only to those idioms, and to use safe, reliable, thorough and secure. Several examples of these can appear in the daily life of the speaker's conversation, can also appear in a number of written materials. Not only different levels of readers and listeners to understand the real intention of the speaker and the speaker or author's own words do not have to worry who will have offensive, embarrassing situations occurred. This type of idiom is also hoped that foreign language learners often ideal because they can apply what they have learned.

Answer 2

太长了。中文都看不过来。

Answer 3

In broad terms, idioms language refers to a nation accustomed to all the special terminology and expression, can be a word, it can be a phrase, it can be a sentence. English Idioms generally refers to a narrow idioms, refers to the learning of English in a long time used to express the full meaning, structure, shape, or phrase of the fixed phrases. According to Pei汪榕,卢晓娟(1997), English Idioms in general have the following characteristics: 1.1 of conventional long-term, that is saying a long time and have great vitality. Semantic integrity of 1.2 means that we must be saying to understand as a whole. 1.3 fixed structure: the structure of idioms are fixed and can not be used generally in other words --- even if it is a synonym instead. English Idioms are an important component of English part of English and a variety of rhetorical devices民族形式a concentrated expression is in English of certain parts of repeated use over a long period after the deposition of the formation of natural form, simple,寓意深刻, expression distant. English Idioms of the language as a form of special, compact structure, the meaning of a deep, vivid language to express洗练, crisp style. Idioms in English learning and use, in addition to their semantic features should be noted that, grammar features, with features, cultural characteristics, but also noted that its a very important factor: that is the style of English Idioms color .
2 Style and Color Style
Learning style is derived from a traditional study of rhetoric and style and incorporates the results of modern linguistics, an emerging discipline. It has long been in development for many years abroad, while at home but is still a need in the field of comprehensive development. Learning style, also known as "function of rhetoric" is a branch of linguistics. Used it to study the language in various fields of activity, communication environment, when the language variant of the law to be followed to study the resulting different functional characteristics of language style, as well as in the functional style, select the language and organization of means of rule. Body language experts to define stylistic varieties of the same language as the user on different occasions by the typical varieties of the language used in the variant is the use of a number of occasions in different variants of the choice of synonyms. From this we can see that style is built on the basis of synonyms, and its research subjects for the same message between components of synonymous language style difference in color. If a word or frequently used only for a certain style, and style will bring this color, this is the word "color style." English Idioms style with a wide range of language phenomena of color.
3 English Idioms different color style
The vast majority of English Idioms style is neutral and has a large part of informal style. However, due to the expression of its special effects, or it is necessary to explore their use on different occasions, that is, their different color style. Profound meaning of English idioms, and of wealth to the image. So that they in some style in the still very active, often used to profound and vivid expression of the ideological content of the image. Only mastered English Idioms different color style to make them use the same language that we complement each other,相映成趣. For example, "look down upon" and "lookdown one's nose at" all that "contempt", but a different color style, the former belonging to the nuclear part of a total language (common language is a neutral body or body language), can be used in a variety of occasions, emotional stability, neither too strong nor too dim, use a wide range and security; and the latter are slang style, with witty banter of the composition, although it is not serious, anti-Tim means cordial. The scope of its use has certain limitations, can only be used for casual, intimate occasion. Therefore, the output from the language input in accordance with the acceptance, understanding and relevance of language to achieve communicative activities. Specifically, in English idiom usually style the following colors:
3.1 general body, a neutral body idioms
General body, a neutral body of the use of English Idioms, the expression of neither would be too specialized, we will not flow to the vulgar; neither bookish, newspapers full flavor, it would not difficult大雅之堂Gordon. Adaptable not only to those idioms, and to use safe, reliable, thorough and secure. Several examples of these can appear in the daily life of the speaker's conversation, can also appear in a number of written materials. Not only different levels of readers and listeners to understand the real intention of the speaker and the speaker or author's own words do not have to worry who will have offensive, embarrassing situations occurred. This type of idiom is also hoped that foreign language learners often ideal because they can apply what they have learned.