讲解一下如何使用反义疑问句(越全越好)

有没有关于详细的反义疑问句的讲解?... 有没有关于详细的反义疑问句的讲解? 展开
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一般的反义疑问句象是You have a book,don't you一类

反意疑问句前后两部分谓语应是,“肯定陈述+否定疑问”或“否定陈述+肯定疑问”
简略问句如果是否定式,not应与be,do,will等系动词、助动词、情态动词缩写
简略问句的主语不用名词,应用人称代词
当说话者的目的不在疑问,而是为了加强语气时,用降调
当说话者的目的在疑问,则用升调
陈述部分含“too...to”时,是否定句
1) 陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用 aren't I.
I'm as tall as your sister,aren't I?
(我和你姐姐一样高,对吗?)
2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may +主语。
I wish to have a word with you, may I?
(我希望可以和你说话,可以吗?)
3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。
The Swede made no answer, did he / she?
Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?
4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't / oughtn't +主语。正式文体用should/ought +主语+not形式。
He ought to know what to do, oughtn't he? / shouldn't he?
5) 陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.),疑问部分常用don't +主语(didn't +主语)。
We have to get there at eight tomorrow, don't we?
6) 陈述部分的谓语是used to 时,疑问部分用didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语。
He used to take pictures there, didn't he? / usedn't he?
7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadn't you?
You'd better read it by yourself, hadn't you?
8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.,疑问部分多用 wouldn't +主语。
He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldn't he?
9) 陈述部分有You'd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldn't +主语。
You'd like to go with me, wouldn't you?
10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。
A.must表示“应该”,其疑问部分用mustn't(不应该),如:
You must work hard next term, mustn't you ? 下学期你应该努力学习,对吗?
B.must表示“必须”,其疑问部分用needn't(不必),如:
They must finish the work today, needn’t they? 他们今天必须要完成这项工作,是吗?
C.陈述部分含情态动词mustn't,表示禁止时,疑问部分就可以用must或may,如:
You mustn’t stop your car here, must you? (may we?)你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?
D.must表示推测 ,其疑问部分必须与must 后面的主要动词相呼应。如:
①对现在动作或存在的情况的推测 :
You must know the answer to the exercise, don't you? 你一定知道这项练习的答案,是不是?
That must be your bed, isn't it? 那一定是你的床,是吗?
②对过去发生的动作或存在的情况的推测:
a 表示肯定推测
(一)句中陈述部分没有表示过去的时间状语,这时疑问部分中的动词就用
现在完成时。(haven’t / hasn’t + 主语)
You must have told her about it, haven’t you? 你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗?
(二)陈述部分有表示过去的时间状语,疑问部分的动词就用
一般过去时。(didn’t + 主语)
She must have read the novel last week, didn’t she? 她上星期一定读了这本小说了,是吗?
b 表示否定推测
表示推测时,否定式通常不是must not,而是can't (cannot).如:
He can't have been to your home; he doesn't know your address, does he?
他不可能去过你家;他不知道你的地址,是不是?
11) 感叹句中,疑问部分用be +主语。
What colours, aren't they?
What a smell, isn't it?
12) 陈述部分由neither… nor, either… or 连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。
Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?
13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。
Everything is ready, isn't it?
14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句�
a. 并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。
Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times, he should have been in China now, shouldn't he?
b. 带有定语从句,宾语从句的主从复合句,疑问部分谓语根据主句的谓语而定:
He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he?
He said he wanted to visit Japan, didn't he?
c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导的宾语从句,疑问部分与宾语从句相对应构成反意疑问句。
I don't think he is bright, is he?
We believe she can do it better, can't she?
但此时主语必须是第一人称
如果不是则不能否定从句
如 He thought they were wrong,didn't he?
而不能说weren't they?
15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one等,疑问部分常用复数they,有时也用单数he.
Everyone knows the answer, don't they? (does he?)
Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)
16) 带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句,疑问部分常用 need (dare ) +主语。
We need not do it again, need we ?
He dare not say so, dare you/he?
当dare, need 为实义动词时,疑问部分用助动词do + 主语。
She doesn't dare to go home alone, does she?
17) 省去主语的祈使句的反意疑问句,疑问部分用will you。
Don't do that again, will you?
Go with me, will you / won't you ?
注意: Let's 开头的祈使句,后用shall we(或用shan't we) ?
Let us 开头的祈使句,后用will you(或won't you)?
Let's go and listen to the music, shall we(或用shan't we)?
Let us wait for you in the reading-room, will you (或won't you)?
18) 陈述部分是"there be"结构的,疑问部分用there省略主语代词。
There is something wrong with your watch, isn't there?
There will not be any trouble, will there?
19) 否定前缀不能视为否定词,其反意疑问句仍用否定形式。
It is impossible, isn't it?
He is not unkind to his classmates, is he?
20)当主句是由so引起的一个句子,而且译为“这么说来”时,疑问部分的谓语形式(肯定或否定)应与主句保持一致。
So you have seen the film, have you?
So he has not been to Beijing ,hasn't he?
『补:Let's和Let us的区别』
◇1.Let's是Let us的缩写。包括说话人和听话人双方在内,含有催促、建议或请对方一起行动的意思。在听话人表示赞同建议时可只用Let's.如:
---Shall we go by train?
---Yes,let's.
◇2.当请求对方允许自己(第一人称复数)做某事时,要用Let us,这里的 us 不包括听话对方在内,不能缩写为Let's.
如两个同学对老师说:
Please let us remove the bookshelf for you.
让我俩给你移动一下书架。
◇3.两者在构成附加疑问句时,方法不同。如:
Let's go to see the film,shall we ?
咱们去看电影,好吗?
Let us go to see the film,will you?
让我们去看电影,好吗?

参考资料: baike.baidu.com/view/201301.htm 41K 2009-5-30

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1. 陈述部分主谓语是I am …时,反意疑问句用aren’t I,而不是am not I.如:

I’m reading now, aren’t I? 我在读书,不是吗?

2. 当主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they.如:

This is your bike, isn’t it? 这是你的自行车,不是吗?

Those are apples, aren’t they? 那些是苹果,不对吗?

3. 当主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可用one,也可用you(美式英语用he)。如:

One should obey the rules of traffic, shouldn’t one/you?

每个人都应该遵守交通规则,不是吗?

4. 当have/has不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do,does,did.如:

They had a party last night, didn’t they? 他们昨晚举行了晚会,不是吗?

5. 陈述部分有have to时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式。如:

You have to clean the classroom every day, don’t you? 你们每天要打扫教室,不是吗?

6. 陈述部分是there be句型时,反意疑问句中要用there.如:

There is a park near here, isn’t there?这儿有个花园,不是吗?

7. 陈述部分含I think (believe,suppose…)that…结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称。如:

I don’t think you are wrong, are you? 我认为你没有错,是吗?

8. 陈述部分主语是动名词、从句、不定式短语形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it.如:

Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes, isn’t it? 在阳光下看书对眼睛有害,不是吗?

9. 陈述部分含有few,little,hardly,never,not,no,no one,nobody,nothing,none等这些表示否定意义的词时,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。如:

He is never late for work, is he? 他上班从不迟到,是吗?

10. 陈述部分的主语是everything,nothing,anything或something时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it.如:

Something is wrong with your watch, isn’t it?

你的手表出毛病了,不是吗?

11. 当主语是everybody,everyone,anybody,anyone,somebody,someone,nobody,no one,none,neither时,反意疑问句的主语要用复数代词they.如:

None is here, are they? 没有人在这儿,对吗?

Everyone knows about it, don’t they? 大家都知道这件事,不是吗?

12. 祈使句一般加上will you或won’t you构成反意疑问句;用will you多表示“请求”,用won’t you多表示提醒对方注意。如:

Please close the door, will you/won’t you? 关上门,好吗?

Let引导的祈使句有两种情况:

(1)Let’s后的反意疑问句用shall we.如:

Let’s go home, shall we? 回家吧,好吗?

(2)Let us/me…后的反意疑问句用will you或won’t you.如:

Let me have a look, will you/won’t you? 让我看一看,行吗?

13. 感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时的否定形式。如:

What beautiful flowers, aren’t they? 多漂亮的花,不是吗?

14. 含否定意义的词在陈述部分做动词的宾语时,反意疑问句可用肯定结构,也可用否定结构,如:

You got nothing from them, did/didn’t you? 你从他们那儿什么也没得到,是/不是吗
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反义疑问句(The Disjunctive Question)
即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。
反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
1.陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式
2.陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式
They work hard, don’t they?
She was ill yesterday, wasn’t she?
You didn’t go, did you?
He can’t ride a bike, can he?
He is a student,isn't he?
[编辑本段]特殊的句型
请注意以下句型的反义疑问句的用法:
1.当陈述部分的主语是I , everyone, everything, nobody 时,后面的疑问句应表示为:
I am a student, aren’t I ?
Everyone is in the classroom, aren’t they? (基本不用单数)
Nobody will go, will they?
2. 否定
(1)当陈述部分有never,seldom, hardly,few,little,barely, scarcely, nothing 等否定词时,后面的疑问句则为肯定形式:
There are few apples in the basket, are there?
He can hardly swim, can he?
They seldom come late, do they?
(2)当陈述部分含有否定意思的词是unhappy,dislike,unfriendly等含有否定词缀的派生词时,疑问部分要用否定形式。如:
He looks unhappy,doesn't he?他看上去不高兴,不是吗?
The girl dislikes history,doesn't she?这女孩不喜欢历史,不是吗?
3.think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接宾语从句构成的主从复合句在构成反意疑问句时,视情况不同有两种不同的构成方式。
(1.)当主句的主语为第一人称时,其后的简短问句应与从句相一致。例如:
I expect our English teacher will be back this weekend, won't she/he?
We suppose you have finished the project, haven't you?
值得注意的是,当这些动词后接的宾语从句的否定转移到主句时,其仍属否定句,故其后的简短问句应用肯定式,而非否定式。例如:
I don't believe that he can translate this book, can he?
We don't imagine the twins have arrived, have they?
此类句子的回答同"前否后肯"型反意疑问句一样,如上述后一个句子,若双胞胎已经到了,则回答为"Yes, they have.";若尚未到达,使用"No, they haven't."。
(2).当主句的主语为第二、三人称时,其后的简短问句则应与主句相一致(此时,否定只看主句,与从句无关...)。例如:
Your sister supposes she needs no help, doesn't she?
You thought they could have completed the project, didn't you?
They don't believe she's an engineer, do they?
She doesn't expect that we are coming so soon, does she?
(3)但如果主句的时态是过去时等等,疑问句应和主句的人称时态保持一致。
4. 陈述部分有had better,或其中的have表示“有”、完成时态 时,疑问句应用hadn’t等开头:
You’d better get up early, hadn’t you?
其他情况句中有have时疑问句应用don't等开头
5.当陈述部分是祈使句时,疑问句要根据语气来表达
Let’s go out for a walk, shall we? (当开头是Let‘s时,一定要用shall we。Let us也不行)
Let us go out for a walk, will you?
Let me help you,may I?
Turn on the radio, will you?
6 There be 句型中,反义疑问部分必须为 be 动词 + there
There are some apples in the basket, aren't there?
There isn't any milk left, is there?
7.当陈述部分有情态动词must,问句有4种情况:
(1)mustn't表示“禁止,不可”时,附加问句通常要用must.
You mustn't stop your car here,must you?
你不能把车停在这地方,知道吗?
(2)must表示“有必要”时,附加问句通常要用needn't.
They must finish the work today,needn't they?
他们今天要完成这项工作,是吗?
(3)当must用来表示对现在的情况进行推测时,问句通常要根据must后面的动词采用相应的形式。
He must be good at english,isn't he?
他英语一定学得很好,是吗?
(4)当must+have done表示对过去的情况进行推测(一般句中有明确的过去时间状语),问句要根据陈述部分谓语的情况用“didn't+主语”或“wasn't/weren't+主语”;如果强调动作的完成(一般没有明确的过去时间状语),问句要用“haven't/hasn't+主语”。
She must have read the novel last week,didn't she?
她上星期一定读了这本小说,是吗?
You must have told her about it,haven't you?
你一定把这事告诉她了,是吗?
8.反意疑问句的回答用yes, no, 但是,回答意思相反,当陈述部分是否定形式时,回答要按事实。如:
They don’t work hard, do they? 他们不太努力工作,是吗?
Yes, they do. 不,他们工作努力。/No, they don’t. 对, 他们工作不努力
[编辑本段]重点归纳
快速记忆表
陈述部分的谓语 疑问部分
I aren't I
Wish may +主语
no,nothing,nobody,never,
few, seldom, hardly, 肯定含义
rarely, little等否定
含义的词
ought to(肯定的) shouldn't/ oughtn't +主语
have to+v.(had to+v.) don't +主语(didn't +主语)
used to didn't +主语或 usedn't +主语
had better + v. hadn't you
would rather + v. wouldn't +主语
you'd like to + v. wouldn't +主语
must 根据实际情况而定
感叹句中 be +主语
Neither…nor,
either…or 连接的根 据其实际逻辑意义而定
并列主语
指示代词或不定代词
everything,that, 主语用it
nothing,this
并列复合句 谓语根据邻近从句的谓语而定
定语从句,宾语从句的
主从复合句 根据主句的谓语而定
think,believe,expect,
suppose,imagine等引导 与宾语从句相对应的从句
everybody,anyone,
somebody,nobody,no one 复数they, 单数he
情态动词dare或need need (dare ) +主语
dare, need 为实义动词 do +主语
省去主语的祈使句 will you?
Let's 开头的祈使句 Shall we?
Let us 开头的祈使句 Will you?
there be 相应的谓语动词+there(省略主语代词)
否定前缀不能视为否定词 仍用否定形式
must表"推测" 根据其推测的情况来确定反意疑问句
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1.含有系动词的简单句,如it is a dog,isn't it?就把系动词提出,如果前面是肯定的,后面就用否定的,就像我刚举得例子,如果是否定的,如it isn't a cat, is it?,就是这种情况,前面否定,后面肯定
2.动词作谓语的时候,分为现在时和过去时,其实都一样的,就是用do ,does ,did 的问题,就看主语是单数还是复数,单数就用does,复数就用do,动作发生在过去就用did,然后就是看前面的主句是否定还是肯定的问题了,和我第一点说的意思一样。
3,就是特殊的句子了,
祈使句,用will you ?
let’s ....,shall we?
let us....,will you?
还有一些词表示否定意义的,如hardlly ,marely ,sincerely,当他们放在句子里时,后面的反义疑问用肯定的
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