Question

混合虚拟语气

在电影里看见一句台词： If he were telling the truth,he wouldn't have told us.
此句从句没用 had done，主句为什么是wouldhave done 呢？
一般来说 虚拟语气的两种用法：
1. If I were you, I would agree with that.
2.If I had gotten there earlier,I would have met her。

如果 主句 去掉 have： If he were telling the truth,he wouldn't tell us.
或者从句变成 had done：If he had told the truth,he wouldn't have told us.
这两种改法可不可以？句子所表达的意思跟之前还一样吗？

Answer 1

这是出自《加勒比海盗：黑珍珠诅咒》 Mullroy 的一句话。这种表达看上去不“规范”，但的确还是有人这么说话。有一种解释：if 的虚拟假设用的是过去进行时，强调说话的过程，相当于中文说的“整个是在说谎”。而主句用 wouldn't have done 也是情理之中的事，因为这个否定是真实的。
这类带有“双重否定”意味的表达方式在英语中还有很多，如 I didn't tell nobody 等，而且多出自文化程度低或社会下层人士。文学作品中出现这样的表达方式正好可以以此给角色贴上标签。

If he were telling the truth, he wouldn't tell us：估计不会有人这样说。因为在说话人的潜意识里，tell us 的行为已经发生了，所以一定会用 wouldn't have told us 的形式。
If he had told the truth, he wouldn't have told us. 这是一种“有教养的”表达方式，当然可以。