英语中的for,to,at,of,in,on,with的用法

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腾秀芳臧绸
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介词in,on与at都可用于表示时间的名词前,但用法各不相同,其区别在于:
一、用in的场合
(1)表示“在某年/月/季节”这个含义时,须用介词in。例如:
she
came
to
this
city
in
1980.他于1980年来到这个城市。
it
often
rains
here
in
summer.夏天这里常常下雨。
(2)表示“从现在起一段时间以后”时,须用介词in。例如:
they
will
go
to
see
you
in
a
week.他们将在一周后去看望你。
i
will
be
back
in
a
month.我将在一个月后回来。
(3)表示“在某世纪”时,须用介词in.例如:
this
machine
was
invented
in
the
eighteenth
century.这台机器是在18世纪发明的.
great
changes
took
place
in
the
twentieth
century.20世纪发生了巨大变化.
(4)表示“在某年代或特定世纪某年代”时,须用介词in。例如:
this
incident
happened
in
the
1970''''s.该事件发生在20世纪70年代。
the
anti-japanese
war
broke
out
in
the
1930''''s.抗日战争爆发于20世纪30年代。
除此之外,morning
/
evening
/
afternoon
三个词也常跟介词in连用。例如:
don't
watch
tv
too
much
in
the
evening.晚上看电视不要太多。
they
sometimes
play
games
in
the
afternoon.他们有时在下午做游戏。
二、用on的场合
(1)表示“在具体的某一天”或“(在具体的某一天的)早上、中午、晚上”等,须用介词on。例如:
jack
was
born
on
may
10th,1982.杰克生于1982年5月10日。
they
left
on
a
rainy
morning.他们是在一个雨天的早上离开的。
he
went
back
to
america
on
a
summer
afternoon.他于一个夏天的下午返回了美国。
(2)表示“在星期几”或“在星期几的早上、中午、晚上”等,须用介词on。例如:
we
don't
go
to
school
on
saturday
and
sunday.我们星期六和星期天不上学。
what
time
do
you
get
up
on
weekdays?你在平日什么时候起床?
i
heard
this
story
on
saturday
morning.我是在星期六的早晨听到这个故事的。
(3)表示“在某一节日”时,须用介词on。例如:
we
usually
eat
mooncakes
on
mid-autumn
festival.我们通常在中秋节吃月饼。
mr
hu
received
a
card
on
teachers''''day.胡老师在教师节那天收到了一张卡片。
注意:当morning,evening,afternoon被of短语修饰,习惯上用in,而不用on.例如:
in
the
early
morning
of
september
10th
在9月10的清晨;in
the
late
afternoon
of
september
12th
在9月12日的傍晚。
三、用at的场合
(1)表示“某一具体时刻(即几点几分时)”,须用介词at。例如:
he
gets
up
at
six
o''''clock
every
day
.他每天六点起床。
i
got
home
at
five
thirty
yesterday
afternoon.我昨天下午五点半到家。
(2)用在特定的时候(时节、时机)时,须用介词at。例如:
they
were
happy
at
that
time.他们那时很幸福。
i
think
the
shop
is
clcsed
at
this
time
of
day.我认为商店在白天的这个时候关门了。
(3)表示“在中午、在夜晚、在周末”时,须用介词at。例如:
what
do
you
often
do
at
noon?你中午经常做些什么?
you
can
see
many
stars
in
the
sky
at
night.夜晚你能看到天空中有许多星星。
(4)表示“在……岁”时,须用介词at。例如:
at
the
age
of
nine
,the
boy
could
swim
well.在九岁的时候,这孩子就游泳游得很好了。
at
the
age
of
twenty,i
began
to
teach
english
at
this
school.在二十岁的时候,我就开始在这所学校教英语了。
注意:在含有next
,last,this,one
,any,
each,
every
,
some,
all的词组和tomorrow,yesterday,
the
day
after
tomorrow,
the
day
before
yesterday
前不用任何介词。例如:
what
did
you
do
last
summer
holidays?去年暑假你做了些什么?
what
are
you
going
to
do
the
day
after
tomorrow?后天你打算做什么?
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伯微兰邗珍
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一、介词按其构成可分为:
1.
简单介词
at,
in,
on,
to,
since,
until
等。如:
  He's
worked
there
since
1998.
2.
复合介词
into,
onto,
out
of
等。如:
  She
is
out
of
school.
她毕业了。
3.
二重介词
from
under,
from
behind,
from
out
of,
until
after,
except
in
等。如:
  I'm
from
out
of
town.
我是从城外来的。
4.
短语介词
because
of,
instead
of,
in
spite
of
等。如:
  I
went
back
not
because
of
the
rain,
but
because
I
was
tired.
我回去不是因为下雨,而是因为我累了。
二、介词的作用:
1.
表示地点:after,
along,
at,
below,
by,
of,
near,
over,
through,
under
等。如:
  Near
the
village
the
boys
are
skating
on
the
ice.
男孩子们正在村子附近的冰上滑冰。
  They
lay
down
under
the
shade
of
a
tree.
他们躺在一棵树的树阴下。
2.
表示时间:about,
after,
across,
at,
during,
for,
in,
of,
till,
until
等。如:
  After
class
he
will
tell
us
about
the
accident.
课后他将告诉我们有关事故的情况。
  A
heavy
rain
has
been
falling
across
three
days.
一场大雨下了整整三天。
  The
accident
happened
during
the
night.
事故发生在夜间。
3.
表示动作:at,
across,
around,
on,
over,
under
等。如:
  The
earth
goes
around
the
sun.
地球绕太阳运行。
  The
car
is
under
repair.
汽车在修理中。
4.
表示比较:as,
like,
above,
over,
with
等。如:
  She
was
something
like
her
sister.
她有几份像她的妹妹。
  Chinese
is
much
more
difficult
in
contrast
with
English.
和英语相比,汉语难得多。
5.
表示原因:about,
for,
from,
with
等。如:
  Don't
worry
about
my
lessons.
不要担心我的功课。
  Business
kept
me
from
coming.
我因事不能来。
  He
was
angry
with
what
I
did.
他对我所做的很气愤。
6.
表示条件:to,
with,
without
等。如:
  Without
your
advice,
he
would
have
failed.
没有你的忠告他可能已经失败了。
7.
表示手段、方式:as,
by,
in,
with
等。如:
  He
behaved
as
a
drunkard.
他的举止如同醉汉一样。
  Learn
the
new
words
by
heart.
记住这些生词。
  We
see
with
our
eyes.
我们用眼睛看。
8.
表示距离、数量:from,
in,
within
等。如:
  My
house
is
ten
miles
from
the
school.
我家离学校十英里。
  They
were
thirty
in
all.
他们总共有三十人。
9.
表示目的:as,
for
等。如:
  I
only
said
it
as
a
joke.
我只是把它当作笑话讲的。
  It's
time
for
class.
到上课的时间了。
10.
表示让步:for,
with
等。如:
  For
all
his
effort,
he
didn't
succeed.
虽然他做了一番努力,仍不能成功。
  With
all
his
money,
he
is
unhappy.
尽管他有钱,但他并不快乐。
  for
还可以引导插入语,例如:
  I,
for
one,
shall
vote
against
the
proposal.
我也投票反对这个提议。
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