英语中的各种句型的结构
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英语中的五种基本句型结构
一、句型1:Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语.常见的动词如:work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等.如:
1) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的.
2)Spring is coming.
二、句型2:Subject (主语) + Link.V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等.其系动词一般可分为下列两类:
(1)表示状态.这样的词有:be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep等.如:
1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口.
2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急.
(2)表示变化.这类系动词有:become,turn,get,grow,go等.如:
1) Spring comes.It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和.
2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了.
三、句型3:Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当.例:
1) He took his bag and left.(名词) 他拿着书包离开了.
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties.(代词)当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助.
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游.
4) I don’t know what I should do next.(从句)我不知道下一步该干什么.
注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词.
四、句型4:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担.引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等.如:
1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物.
2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事.上述句子还可以表达为:
1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
五、句型5:Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
这种句型中的“宾语 + 补语”统称为“复合宾语”.宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等.担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等.如:
1)You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁.(形容词)
2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长.
3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩.
一、句型1:Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语)
这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,所谓不及物动词,就是这种动词后不可以直接接宾语.常见的动词如:work,sing,swim,fish,jump,arrive,come,die,disappear,cry,happen等.如:
1) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.事故是昨天下午发生的.
2)Spring is coming.
二、句型2:Subject (主语) + Link.V(系动词) + Predicate(表语)
这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等.其系动词一般可分为下列两类:
(1)表示状态.这样的词有:be,look,seem,smell,taste,sound,keep等.如:
1) This kind of food tastes delicious.这种食物吃起来很可口.
2) He looked worried just now.刚才他看上去有些焦急.
(2)表示变化.这类系动词有:become,turn,get,grow,go等.如:
1) Spring comes.It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和.
2) The tree has grown much taller than before.这棵树比以前长得高多了.
三、句型3:Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语)
这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词,所谓及物动词,就是这种动词后可以直接接宾语,其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当.例:
1) He took his bag and left.(名词) 他拿着书包离开了.
2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties.(代词)当我遇到困难时,李雷总能给我帮助.
3) She plans to travel in the coming May Day.(不定式)她打算在即将到来的“五一”外出旅游.
4) I don’t know what I should do next.(从句)我不知道下一步该干什么.
注意:英语中的许多动词既是及物动词,又是不及物动词.
四、句型4:Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语)
这种句型中,直接宾语为主要宾语,表示动作是对谁做的或为谁做的,在句中不可或缺,常常由表示“物”的名词来充当;间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语,去掉之后,对整个句子的影响不大,多由指“人”的名词或代词承担.引导这类双宾语的常见动词有:buy,pass,lend,give,tell,teach,show,bring,send等.如:
1) Her father bought her a dictionary as a birthday present.她爸爸给她买了一本词典作为生日礼物.
2)The old man always tells the children stories about the heroes in the Long March.
老人经常给孩子们讲述长征途中那些英雄的故事.上述句子还可以表达为:
1)Her father bought a dictionary for her as a birthday present.
2)The old man always tells stories about the heroes to the children in the Long March.
五、句型5:Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语)
这种句型中的“宾语 + 补语”统称为“复合宾语”.宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等;或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等.担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等.如:
1)You should keep the room clean and tidy.你应该让屋子保持干净整洁.(形容词)
2) We made him our monitor.(名词)我们选他当班长.
3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式)他父亲告诉他不要在街上玩.
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