修饰定语从句的先行词有哪些，如何使用呢
定语从句放在先行词后面。定语从句分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that、which、who、which、whose和关系副词where 、when,关系代词和关系副词是引导词,在定语从句中担当某一成份。
1、先行词指物时,关系代词用that 或which(在句中作主语或宾语)。
如:China is a country which / that has a large population.
The computer game which/ that he is playing is his favorite.
2、先行词指人时,关系代词用(who)作主语或宾语,whom (作宾语),whose (作定语),that (作主语或宾语)。如:
The man who is mending the machine has been retired.
This is the policeman who/ whom they were talking about yesterday.
I like the girl whose mother is an actor.
注意:下列情况下关系代词只用that 而不用which 或who。
3、先行词是指物的不代词,如:all, little, few, much, none, anything, nothing, everything等时。如:I didn't understand the words all that he said.
4、先行词由最高级、序数词以及any, very, only, all, no, just 等所修饰。如:This is the most beautiful place that I have been to .
5、先行词既包括人,也包括物。如:They always like to talk about the man and the things that they see on the road.
当主句是以which 或who 开头的特殊疑问句时。如:who is the man that opened up the lab.
扩展资料
必须注意的问题
(1)关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。
(2)注意区别定语从句与强调句。
①定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。
②强调it无意义，that/who不是引导词。
③强调it is/was和that/who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。
It is the museum that/which we visited last year。(定语从句)
It was in the hotel that we stayed last night。(强调句)
(3)定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
①定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。
②同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。
Word came that their army was defeated。(同位语)
We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their。(定语)
(4)关系词在从句中省略的情况。
①关系词作宾语，前无介词时。
②关系词作表语。
(5)限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。
(6)关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which和whom。
参考资料来源：百度百科-先行词
1. that既可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物；它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词，which在从句中作宾语也可以省略。[eg：this is the book （which）you want。]而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
2. which作宾语时，根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系，先行词与which之间的介词不能丢
3. 代表物时多用which，但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which，这些词包括当先行词是anything, everything, nothing , none等不定代词时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时等，这时的that常被省略 还有先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时,或先行词就是序数词或最高级时.以及先行词中既有人又有物时.还有句中前面有which时,都只能用that
4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人，分别作从句中的主语和宾语，whom作宾语时，要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语
5. whose是关系代词，修饰名词作定语，相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格.它引导的从句可以修饰人和物, 当它引导的从句修饰物体时, 可以与 of which 调换,表达的意思一样。
二、关系副词（在句中作状语）
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
1. where是关系副词，用来表示地点的定语从句。
2. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是，表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导，有时不用任何关系代词，当然也不用that引导。
By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks. I still remember the first time I met her. Each time he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap, toothbrush etc。
3. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时，常用there is来引导
There is somebody here who wants to speak to you. 这里有人要和你说话。
(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。（注：who和whom已无太大区别，可以通用。）
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
如果在从句中做宾语,就用whom或who.比如: He is the man whom/who I talk to.
如果是在从句中作主语就只能用who.比如: He is the man who has an English book.
3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替
(3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5) Do you like the book whose color is yellow?
(6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
1. when指时间，在定语从句中做时间状语
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
参考资料： baidubaike
关系词常有3个作用：1，引导定语从句。2，代替先行词。3，在定语从句中担当一个成分。
who,whom一般修饰人。which that修饰动物植物或物品。
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
1、先行词指物时,关系代词用that 或which(在句中作主语或宾语)。
如:China is a country which / that has a large population.
The computer game which/ that he is playing is his favorite.
2、先行词指人时,关系代词用(who)作主语或宾语,whom (作宾语),whose (作定语),that (作主语或宾语)。如:
The man who is mending the machine has been retired.
This is the policeman who/ whom they were talking about yesterday.
