设随机变量X服从几何分布,其分布律为P{X=k}=p(1-p)^(k-1),k=1,2,3,…,其
设随机变量X服从几何分布,其分布律为P{X=k}=p(1-p)^(k-1),k=1,2,3,…,其中0<p<1是常数,求期望E(x),方差D(x)?...
设随机变量X服从几何分布,其分布律为P{X=k}=p(1-p)^(k-1),k=1,2,3,…,其中0<p<1是常数,求期望E(x),方差D(x)?
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2020-04-03
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下面的计算利用幂级数展开式(通过1/(1-x)=∑{k,0,∞}x^k,x∈(-1,1)容易证明) :
1/(1-x)²=1+2x+3x²+4x³+…=∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)*x^k,x∈(-1,1) ①
注意到0<1-p<1
E(X)=∑{k,1,∞}k*p*(1-p)^(k-1)
=p*∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)*(1-p)^k
=p*1/[1-(1-p)]² 由①
=1/p
为计算D(X),可先求出幂级数∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)²*x^k,x∈(-1,1)的和函数
令S(x)=∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)²*x^k,x∈(-1,1),则
∫{0,x}S(x)dx=∫{0,x}[∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)²*x^k]dx
=∑{k,0,∞}∫{0,x} [(k+1)²*x^k]dx
=∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)*x^(k+1)
=x*∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)*x^k
=x*1/(1-x)² 由①
S(x)=[ x/(1-x)²]'=(1+x)/(1-x)³,即
∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)²*x^k=(1+x)/(1-x)³,x∈(-1,1) ②
∵E(X²)=∑{k,1,∞}k²*p*(1-p)^(k-1)
=p*∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)²*(1-p)^k
=p*[1+(1-p)]/[1-(1-p)]³ 由②
=(2-p)/p²
∴D(X)= E(X²)-[E(X)]²
=(2-p)/p²-1/p²
=(1-p)/p²
1/(1-x)²=1+2x+3x²+4x³+…=∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)*x^k,x∈(-1,1) ①
注意到0<1-p<1
E(X)=∑{k,1,∞}k*p*(1-p)^(k-1)
=p*∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)*(1-p)^k
=p*1/[1-(1-p)]² 由①
=1/p
为计算D(X),可先求出幂级数∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)²*x^k,x∈(-1,1)的和函数
令S(x)=∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)²*x^k,x∈(-1,1),则
∫{0,x}S(x)dx=∫{0,x}[∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)²*x^k]dx
=∑{k,0,∞}∫{0,x} [(k+1)²*x^k]dx
=∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)*x^(k+1)
=x*∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)*x^k
=x*1/(1-x)² 由①
S(x)=[ x/(1-x)²]'=(1+x)/(1-x)³,即
∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)²*x^k=(1+x)/(1-x)³,x∈(-1,1) ②
∵E(X²)=∑{k,1,∞}k²*p*(1-p)^(k-1)
=p*∑{k,0,∞}(k+1)²*(1-p)^k
=p*[1+(1-p)]/[1-(1-p)]³ 由②
=(2-p)/p²
∴D(X)= E(X²)-[E(X)]²
=(2-p)/p²-1/p²
=(1-p)/p²
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