独立主格8种基本句型例句是什么?
独立主格8种基本句型例句是:
1、名词/代词+现在分词。
2、名词/代词+过去分词。
3、名词/代词+不定式。
4、名词/代词+名词。
5.名词/代词+形容词短语。
6.名词/代词+副词。
7.名词/代词+介词短语。
8.with引导的复合结构,也可以认为是一种独立主格结构。
现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。
例The man lay there, his hands trembling.
So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.
His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep.
注:“独立结构”中的being或having been有时可以省去,这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。
1、“名词/代词+不定式”结构
由不定式构成的独立主格结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状态,在句中常作原因状语,偶尔作条件状语。动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,动词不定式则用主动的形式;如果是动宾关系,则用被动形式。例如:
His friends to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.
他的朋友今晚要来,他正忙着准备晚餐。
No one to wake me up,I might be late for the first class.
如果没人叫醒我,我会错过第一节课的。
The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book.
我们四人同意分工干,每人翻译全书的四分之一。
2、“名词/代词+现在分词”结构
现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。“独立结构”中的being或having been有时可以省去,这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。例如:
Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.
黑夜笼罩大地,谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
There being no bus, we had to walk home.
由于没有公共汽车,我们只好走回家。
The man lay there, his hands trembling.
那个男子躺在那儿,双手在颤抖。
3、“名词/代词+过去分词”结构
过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。例如:
The boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.
男孩仰卧着,双手交叉放在头下。
The job not finished, we couldn’t see the film.
工作没有完成,我们不能看电影了。
Her shirt caught on a nail, she could not move.
她的衬衫被钉子钩住了,她动不了。
4、“名词/代词+名词”结构
名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。例如:
Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.
许多人参加了这项工作,其中有些是妇女和儿童。
He fought the tiger,a stick his only weapon.
他与老虎搏斗,那是他唯一的武器。
His first shot failure,he fired again.
他第一枪没击中,又打了一枪。
5、“名词/代词+形容词”结构
形容词(短语)说明前面名词或代词的性质,状态,原因等。例如:
The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while.
地面很湿,我们只好在外面呆一会儿。
I heard that she got injured in the accident,my heart full of sorry.
我听说她在这场事故中受伤了,心中充满担忧。(形容词,表伴随)。
这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上,就变成了现在分词分句。
The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse.
特洛伊人睡着了,于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。
6、“逻辑主语+副词”结构
副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。例如:
The meeting over, we all went home.
会议结束,我们都回家了。
Nobody in, he left a message on the board.
没有人在,我在黑板上留了一条消息
He sat at the table, head down.
他低头头坐在桌子边。
7、“逻辑主语+介词短语”结构
介词短语说明伴随前面名词或代词的方式或者状态。例如:
The teacher came in, a book under his arm.
老师在他的胳膊下夹着一本书进来了。
The hunter entered the forest,gun in hand.
那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.
少年跟那个人到这里,并爬了进来,手里拿着剑。
8、“with/without”引导的独立主格结构
A woman got on the bus with a baby around her arms.
一位妇女抱着一个婴儿上了公共汽车。
The party was organized without her knowing anything about it.
聚会已操办妥当,她却一无所知。
Without wanting to criticize, I think you could have done better.
我不是想要批评谁,只是认为你本可以做得更好一些。