托福口语考试的小常识
1.托福口语考试的小常识
托福口语task1和task2这两道题的答案有一个常见的现象，是考生口语很不好，过多的倚重模板和经验，在考试的时候照搬照抄。由于托福口语 task1和task2很多题目网上有披露，大同小异，或者做题前已经偷听到别人的内容，已经有了准备，所以这种情况非常突出。其实，托福口语task1 和task2往往是让很多人跌破眼镜的地方。口语的要求是必须：表达清楚、准确、流利、自然。托福口语task1和task2特别要求例证丰富，而且回答时必须是在“讲”，不是在“背”和“读”。
所以，假如你托福口语task1和task2讲的太顺，只有两个可能：
1. 你在朗读。你可能休息时将答案基本写在draft paper 上了
2. 你在背诵。你曾经准备好了答案。
假如托福口语评分人认为你的口语不是即兴的，他就会刻意挑毛病，那考生的分数可想而知。那我们如何在既应用模板又让考官相信我们是在“说”呢?
这个就涉及到了我们提到的故意犯错了。托福口语task1和task2必须充分准备，这个当然包括模板。然后最后表演时必须不留痕迹，中间偶尔的“en.." "ha.."可以存在，我们平时在上课时，班上的同学或老师都会有正常的“hesitance"， 这样的托福口语技巧可以有但是切记这种情况不要太多，而且是在你自己知道的情况下有所控制的进行。有时故意弄一个小错误也可以，但是要立即纠正。
2.托福口语的节日素材
主要传统节日：carnival狂欢节(狂欢节是一个大斋节前的节日，人们狂欢作乐并宴饮。狂欢节的日期根据复活节的日期推定，但必须是2月的星期 一);Christmas圣诞节(纪念耶稣基 督诞生的节日, 12月25日);Easter Sunday (耶稣)复活节 (3月21日或其后月满之后的个星期天);Father’s Day父亲节(每年6月的第三个星期日);Mother’s Day 母亲节(在美国为五月的第二个星期日);Thanksgiving Day (基 督教) 感恩节(11月的最后一个星期四);Valentine's Day情人节(2月14日);Lantern Festival元宵节;Mid-AutumnFestival中秋节;New Year's day元旦;Spring Festival春节
其它托福口语话题词汇：Christmas cake / card / present / pudding / stocking / tree, Christmas Eve / time,colored lights, compliments, customs, fireplace, gifts, goodwill, habits, ham, privacy, ribbons(缎带，丝带)， rose, Santa Claus, shocking, tradition, Turkey, wreaths(花环，花冠)，etc.
常用短语：appropriate dress, break (follow, keep up) a custom 破坏、(遵从，遵守)习俗;celebrate Christmas, cultural differences, culture shock, Eastern and Western societies, go“Dutch”, manners and customs风俗习惯; proper behavior, religious customs, social customs, theThanksgiving feast, etc.
常用句型：
1. Custom required our dressing for dinner. 礼俗要求我们参加宴会穿礼服。
2. It is an old custom that men tip their hats when greeting somebody.
3. It is the custom for the Chinese to take off their shoes when they get into a hall.
4. It is the custom to dye eggs at Easter.
5. Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year.
6. So many countries, so many customs. 有多少国家，就有多少习俗;百里不同风。
7. Social custom vary greatly from country to country.
8. The celebration of Christmas is a custom.
9. Turkey and ham are traditional dishes for Christmas.
10. When in Rome do as the Romans.
3.托福口语词汇的用法
1. 时态、人称和数量的统一
Your listener can get confused if you are not consistent. Look at the following example:
My teacher brought five paper bags to school one day. He put us into groups and gave each group a bag. You have to take the objects out of the bags in turn and then a person has to tell a story involving the object from the bag.
The listener may get confused by the change from the past tense to the present tense, and the change from us to you and then to a person. The listener might also be confused by the change from the plural form objects and bags to the singular forms object and bag.
The listener could follow this speaker's ideas better if the speaker were consistent. Look at the way this example can be improved:
One day my teacher put us into five different groups. He gave each group a bag and told us to take turns pulling out an object and telling the other members of the group a story involving that object.
2. 对关键词进行替换或同义转换
When a speaker keeps repeating a word or phrase, listeners can get confused. Read the following example:
My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. The assignment was on the chalkboard until the teacher erased the assignment after we had all done the assignment.
This speaker's ideas would be clearer if the repeated words were replaced with other expressions or with pronouns. Look at the way this example can be improved:
My teacher wrote the assignment on the chalkboard. She erased the board after we had all completed the task.
The word assignment has been replaced with task; the word teacher with she; and the word chalkboard with board.
3. 解释或定义陌生概念
In order to help your listeners understand, you may need to define a term that you use in your response. Read the following example:
My hobby is telemark skiing.
If the speaker does not define the term and listeners do not know what telemark skiing is, they might not understand the rest of the passage. Sometimes listeners can guess the meaning through the context of the passage, but sometimes they cannot. Here is the definition this speaker gave of telemark skiing:
That means skiing using telemark skis.
Even though the speaker defined telemark skiing, listeners still may not understand what it means because the speaker defined the term with the same word. To effectively define a word, use a three-part definition:
1. State the word or phrase to be defined.
2. Give the category that the word or phrase fits into.
3. Tell how the word is different from other words that fit the same category.
Read this example of an effective definition:
Telemark is a type of alpine skiing in which the boots are connected to the skis only at the toes, so traditional skiing techniques have to be modified.
4.托福口语备考技巧
1、随时随地练习托福考试口语
Practice wherever you can and whenever you can. Any practice is good, whether you speak to someone who is a native English speaker or not.
2、以表达清晰为主，句型多样化为次
It's important to build your confidence. If possible, use simple English sentence structure that you know is correct, so that you can concentrate on getting your message across.
3、大胆运用所掌握的词汇，不要过分拘泥于语法
Try to experiment with the English you know. Use words and phrases you know in new situations. Native English speakers are more likely to correct you if you use the wrong word than if you use the wrong grammar. Experimenting with vocabulary is a really good way of getting feedback.
4、透过身体语言理解对方意思并作出回应
Try to respond to what people say to you. You can often get clues to what people think by looking at their body language. Respond to them in a natural way.
5、尽量避免翻译
Try not to translate from or into your own language. This takes too much time and will make you more hesitant.
6、遇到不知该如何表达的时候，用一些常用词表示自己正在思考。
If you forget a word, do what native English speakers do all the
time, and say things that "fill" the conversation. This is better than being completely silent. Try using um or er, if you forget the word.
7、语速不要过快。
Don't speak too fast. It's important to use a natural rhythm when speaking English. But if you speak too fast, it will be difficult for people to understand you.
8、说话时尽量放松，让发音流利顺畅。
Try to relax when you speak. When you speak English at anormal speed, you will discover that most of the pronunciation skills, such as linking between words, will happen automatically.
5.托福口语怎样创建新模板
针对新托福道题目，是否真的有创制模板的可能性呢?答案当然是肯定的。只不过说，我们很难找到一个适合所有新托福道题目的模板。所以这里，建议考生根据不同的题目类型、题目内容来展现具有个性的模板化答案。我们可以看到，新托福题基本上与雅思的第二部分内容非常类似，所涉及的题目基本上都是地点，人物，时间或者说物体的描述。那么，首先我们先来看一下对于地点的描述。
在地点描述的题目里面，我们主要分成两个大的板块。第一是描述一个建筑物;第二是对一个城市的描述。两者虽然有很多相似的方面，但是，还是有较多的区别，所以我们可以分开来讲。这里只是给考生们创建自己的模板提供足够的方便和可能性，而并不是鼓励各位考生使用同样的一个模板。 首先，我们现在看一下对一个building的描述，在新托福的作答里面有这么几个方面需要讲到。
1. 开头语：因为新托福口语考试的部分的作答时间只有短短的45秒，所以千万不要在开头部分过于累赘，尽量的简洁有力，一句话做一个简洁的概括。
2. 基本上需要从以下几个方面来说：
(1)地点： It is located/situated in the northeast of the city…
(2)颜色：比如说当我们在描述一个现代化的建筑物的时候，我们需要涉及到其总体的颜色，比如说it is blue on the outside and generally bluish green on the inside等等。
(3)历史：建立的时间： It was built in the year…; 当初为什么要建这个建筑物
(4)特色：相比于其他的同类建筑，这个建筑物的特色体现在哪些方面。
3. Personal Experience: 以上都是考生在描述一个建筑物的时候必须要讲到的一个主体。讲完上述内容后，考生如果还有剩余的时间的话，可以将一些个人与这个建筑物之间的关系扯进来，作为文章的一个收尾。
