自考英语(一)讲义(23)
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Unit 25
Text A American Men Don't Cry
第一段
1. 第一行:American men don't cry because it is considered not characteristic of(什么的特征) men to do so.
美国男人不哭,因为人们认为哭不是男人的特征。
2. 第二行:Cry is a “weakness” characteristic of the female,and no American make wants to be identified with(被认为,被理解成为) anything in the least(一点、丝毫不)weak or feminine.
没有一个美国男人愿意被人认为有丝毫软弱或女人气。
3. 第四行:Crying(动名次放在系动词前作主语),in our culture,is identified with childishness,with weakness and dependence.
在我们的文化中,哭被看成是幼稚、软弱和依附的表现。
4. 第五行:No one likes a crybaby,and we disapprove of (不赞同)crying even in children,discouraging(劝阻)it in them as early as possible.
没有人喜欢孩子哭。即使孩子们我们也不赞成他们哭,尽量早劝阻他们哭。
5. 第七行:In a land so devoted to(致力于、专心于)the pursuit of(对什么的追求)happiness as ours,crying really is rather un-American.
在我们这样一个一心追求幸福的国家里,苦实在不是美国的风格。
6. 第九行:Adults must learn not to cry in situations in which(本句话为定于从句,在关系代词which前用了介词,此处的原因是由于:which代指situations;介词in放在which前等于in situations,表示在一些情况下) it is permissible for a child to cry.
在一些场合,孩子们可以哭,但成年人必须学会做到不哭。
7. 第十行:Women being the “weaker”and “dependent”sex,it is only natural that they should cry in certain emotional situations.本句话为虚拟语气:it is+形容词+that+主语+(should可以省略)+动词原型
女人是软弱的和依附的性别,他们在某些动情的场合下哭是很自然的。
8. 最后一行:So goes the American belief with regard to(关于、对于)crying.
So goes sth. 这就是…
这既是美国人有关哭的信念。
第二段
1. 第一行:impress on sb. 使某人铭记
2. 第二行:And so we condition males in America not to cry whenever they feel like doing so.
Condition sb. to do sth. 使某人出于某种状态、使习惯于、使适应;调教
Condition sb. not to do sth. 请注意此处的否定式
Feel like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 feel like后面加动词的ing形式
我们也是这样调教美国男人,不管他们什么时候想哭,都能做到不哭。
3.第三行:it is not that…,but that…不是因为这个原因,而是因为那个原因。
they are trained not to cry 请注意:否定词被放在非谓语动词to前
4.P609第二行:And so the “little man” controls his desire to cry and goes on doing so until(直到什么时候才) he is unable to cry even when he wants to.
Go on to do sth. 继续做某事(做不同的事)
Go on doing sth. 继续做某事(做同一件事)
于是这位小男子汉控制自己哭的愿望,并一直这样继续下去,直到后来甚至想哭的时候也不会哭了。
5.P609第九行:be known as 被认为是
6.第十行:serve a function for sth. 起作用;as a whole 作为整体
7.第十行: Any interference with(干涉)homeostasis is likely to(有可能做某事)be damaging to(对谁造成损害)the organism.
对体内平衡的任何干扰都可能损害机体。
9. 最后一行:incapacity to do sth. 没有做某事的能力;capacity to do sth. 有做某事的能力
第四段
1. 第一行:To be human is to weep. 哭是人的天性。
2. 第一行:The human species is the only one in the whole of animated nature that sheds tears.(流泪)
人类是动物界中能流泪的物种。
3. 第二行:inability to do sth. 没有做某事的能力;capacity to do sth. 有做某事的能力
4. 第五行:among other things 除了其他方面;此外
5. 第七行:If we feel like it,let us all have a good cry-and clear our minds of those cobwebs of confusion which have for so long prevented us from understanding the natural necessity of crying.
Clear sth. of sth. 把什么从什么中清除
Prevent sb. from doing sth. 组织某人做某事
假如我们想哭,就让我们痛痛快快地哭一场,把那些长期妨碍我们认知哭泣这一自然需要的那些陈腐混乱观念从我们的头脑中清除出去。
Text B Stop Worrying Now!
第一段
1. 第一行:Worry is one of the most common(最常见的,most common是common的级)forms of emotional distress in our culture. 忧虑是精神苦恼在我们文化中最常见的一种表现形式。
2. 第二行:Almost everyone spends a considerable(相当大的,相当多的,相当可观的)amount of present moments worrying about the future.
Spend time doing sth. 花时间做某事
几乎每个人都把现在相当多的时间用于为将来忧虑。
3. 第四行:Obsessive worry will never make things any(用来修饰比较级,表示强调)better.
过分的忧虑完全于事无补。
4. 第五行:In fact,such worry will very likely help you to be less effective in dealing with the present.
Be effective in sth./doing sth. 有效的做某事
Deal with sth. 处理某事
事实上,这种忧虑很可能让你在处理现在的事情时成效更小。
第二段
1. 第一行:In order to reduce worry,it is necessary to understand the subconscious psychological “payoffs” for choosing to worry in the first place.
in order to do sth. 为了做某事
it在这里是形式主语,阴影部分是动词不定式作真正的主语
payoff for doing sth. 做某事所得到的补偿
in the first place 首先
为了减少忧虑,首先有必要弄明白人们爱忧虑所能得到的潜意识心里补偿是怎么回事。
2. 第三行:This is a common lament,and one with a payoff that keeps you standing still and avoiding the risk of action.
Keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
人们普遍这样诉苦,这种诉苦的回报会让你安之若素,避免贸然行动。
3. 第五行:Clearly,it is easier,if less rewarding,to worry than to be an active,involved(投入的) person.
很清楚,如果只求较少回报的话,做一个愁苦忧虑的人比作一个积极投入的人更容易。
第三段
1. 第一行:By worrying about someone else,you can label yourself as a caring person.
Worry about sb. 担心某人
Label oneself as 把自己算/看成
Caring person 关心别人的人
你为别人操心,这样你可以把自己算成关心别人的人。
2. 第三行:I can't help worrying-it's because I love you.
Can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
我做不到不为你操心-因为我爱你。
3. 第三行:A handsome dividend,although lacking in(缺少)logical,healthy thinking.
这是个相当不错的回报,只不过缺乏合乎逻辑的、正常的思维。
第四段
1. 第二行:You have a good reason for hanging on to the worry behavior.
Have a good reason for doing sth. 很有理由做某事
Hang on to sth. 继续做某事;紧紧抓住;求助;依靠于;
因此你有很好的理由继续忧虑下去。
2. 第三行:Similarly,you may find yourself smoking more in troublesome situations, and can use the worry to avoid giving up smoking.
Find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事(这里的doing是作宾语补足语的)
Avoid doing sth. 避免做某事(avoid后面只能加动词的ing形式)
同样,你可能发现你在烦恼的情况下抽烟的更多,你可以用忧虑作口实,不去戒烟。
3. 第五行:It may be easier for you to worry about chest pains than to risk finding out the truth, and then having to deal directly with yourself.
It为形式主语,阴影中的动词不定式是真正的主语
Risk doing sth. 冒险做某事(risk后面只能加动词的ing形式)
Deal with oneself 处理自己的问题
为胸痛而忧虑比冒险找出病因,然后不得不自己直接处理自己的问题更容易做到。
第五段
1. 第二行:While these may not seem to be payoffs,they do result in(导致) considerable attention from others and justify much self-pity as well.
尽管这不能算回报,但它能引起别人的深切关注并能证明自怜是有道理的。
2. P704第二行:And some people would rather be pitied(被人怜悯的) than fulfilled(充分发挥自己才能的)。
有些人宁愿被人怜悯也不愿充分发挥自己的才能。
第六段
1. Now that 既然;devise some measures for doing sth. 想出做某事的措施
第七段
1. 第一行:Begin to view your present moments as times to live,rather than times to worry about the future.
View sb. as 把某人看成;rather than 而不是
你要开始把你现在的时间看成生活的时光而不是为未来忧虑的时光。
2. Catch oneself doing sth. 发现某人做某事 e.g. catch yourself worrying 发现自己忧虑
3. 最后一行:Then begin to attack(开始着手解决) whatever it is you're avoiding.
然后你就着手解决你正在逃避的任何事。
第八段
1.第一行:A friend of mine spent a week on an island off the Connecticut coast.
Spend 时间 on sth. 花时间做某事
我的一个朋友在康涅狄格州海岸边的一个岛子上住了一个星期。
2. Enjoy后面要加动词的ing形式
3. 第四行:She carried a rock in her hand and resolved to(决心做某事) show no fear as the dogs came running(分词作伴随状语) toward her.
他手里拿了一块石头,下定决心,当狗向她跑来时,决不畏惧。
4. 第六行:Seeing(现在分词表原因,因为看到) someone who refused to back down, they turned and ran away.
这些狗看见有人并不萎缩,转身就跑掉了。
第九段
1. As a result of 作为什么的结果
2. 第四行:What's the worst thing that could happen to(发生在某人身上)me,and what is the likelihood of it occurring(发生,请注意动词的词性)。
可能发生在我身上的最糟糕的事是什么?发生的可能性有多大?
第十段
1. 第一行:Act in direct conflict with(与什么发生冲突,针锋相对) your usual areas of worry.
你行事要和你平常忧虑的事情针锋相对。
第十一段
1. 第一行:These are some techniques for minimizing worry in your life.
Technique for doing sth. 做某事的方法
这是一些能够限度减少你生活忧虑的技术。
Text A American Men Don't Cry
第一段
1. 第一行:American men don't cry because it is considered not characteristic of(什么的特征) men to do so.
美国男人不哭,因为人们认为哭不是男人的特征。
2. 第二行:Cry is a “weakness” characteristic of the female,and no American make wants to be identified with(被认为,被理解成为) anything in the least(一点、丝毫不)weak or feminine.
没有一个美国男人愿意被人认为有丝毫软弱或女人气。
3. 第四行:Crying(动名次放在系动词前作主语),in our culture,is identified with childishness,with weakness and dependence.
在我们的文化中,哭被看成是幼稚、软弱和依附的表现。
4. 第五行:No one likes a crybaby,and we disapprove of (不赞同)crying even in children,discouraging(劝阻)it in them as early as possible.
没有人喜欢孩子哭。即使孩子们我们也不赞成他们哭,尽量早劝阻他们哭。
5. 第七行:In a land so devoted to(致力于、专心于)the pursuit of(对什么的追求)happiness as ours,crying really is rather un-American.
在我们这样一个一心追求幸福的国家里,苦实在不是美国的风格。
6. 第九行:Adults must learn not to cry in situations in which(本句话为定于从句,在关系代词which前用了介词,此处的原因是由于:which代指situations;介词in放在which前等于in situations,表示在一些情况下) it is permissible for a child to cry.
在一些场合,孩子们可以哭,但成年人必须学会做到不哭。
7. 第十行:Women being the “weaker”and “dependent”sex,it is only natural that they should cry in certain emotional situations.本句话为虚拟语气:it is+形容词+that+主语+(should可以省略)+动词原型
女人是软弱的和依附的性别,他们在某些动情的场合下哭是很自然的。
8. 最后一行:So goes the American belief with regard to(关于、对于)crying.
So goes sth. 这就是…
这既是美国人有关哭的信念。
第二段
1. 第一行:impress on sb. 使某人铭记
2. 第二行:And so we condition males in America not to cry whenever they feel like doing so.
Condition sb. to do sth. 使某人出于某种状态、使习惯于、使适应;调教
Condition sb. not to do sth. 请注意此处的否定式
Feel like doing sth. 喜欢做某事 feel like后面加动词的ing形式
我们也是这样调教美国男人,不管他们什么时候想哭,都能做到不哭。
3.第三行:it is not that…,but that…不是因为这个原因,而是因为那个原因。
they are trained not to cry 请注意:否定词被放在非谓语动词to前
4.P609第二行:And so the “little man” controls his desire to cry and goes on doing so until(直到什么时候才) he is unable to cry even when he wants to.
Go on to do sth. 继续做某事(做不同的事)
Go on doing sth. 继续做某事(做同一件事)
于是这位小男子汉控制自己哭的愿望,并一直这样继续下去,直到后来甚至想哭的时候也不会哭了。
5.P609第九行:be known as 被认为是
6.第十行:serve a function for sth. 起作用;as a whole 作为整体
7.第十行: Any interference with(干涉)homeostasis is likely to(有可能做某事)be damaging to(对谁造成损害)the organism.
对体内平衡的任何干扰都可能损害机体。
9. 最后一行:incapacity to do sth. 没有做某事的能力;capacity to do sth. 有做某事的能力
第四段
1. 第一行:To be human is to weep. 哭是人的天性。
2. 第一行:The human species is the only one in the whole of animated nature that sheds tears.(流泪)
人类是动物界中能流泪的物种。
3. 第二行:inability to do sth. 没有做某事的能力;capacity to do sth. 有做某事的能力
4. 第五行:among other things 除了其他方面;此外
5. 第七行:If we feel like it,let us all have a good cry-and clear our minds of those cobwebs of confusion which have for so long prevented us from understanding the natural necessity of crying.
Clear sth. of sth. 把什么从什么中清除
Prevent sb. from doing sth. 组织某人做某事
假如我们想哭,就让我们痛痛快快地哭一场,把那些长期妨碍我们认知哭泣这一自然需要的那些陈腐混乱观念从我们的头脑中清除出去。
Text B Stop Worrying Now!
第一段
1. 第一行:Worry is one of the most common(最常见的,most common是common的级)forms of emotional distress in our culture. 忧虑是精神苦恼在我们文化中最常见的一种表现形式。
2. 第二行:Almost everyone spends a considerable(相当大的,相当多的,相当可观的)amount of present moments worrying about the future.
Spend time doing sth. 花时间做某事
几乎每个人都把现在相当多的时间用于为将来忧虑。
3. 第四行:Obsessive worry will never make things any(用来修饰比较级,表示强调)better.
过分的忧虑完全于事无补。
4. 第五行:In fact,such worry will very likely help you to be less effective in dealing with the present.
Be effective in sth./doing sth. 有效的做某事
Deal with sth. 处理某事
事实上,这种忧虑很可能让你在处理现在的事情时成效更小。
第二段
1. 第一行:In order to reduce worry,it is necessary to understand the subconscious psychological “payoffs” for choosing to worry in the first place.
in order to do sth. 为了做某事
it在这里是形式主语,阴影部分是动词不定式作真正的主语
payoff for doing sth. 做某事所得到的补偿
in the first place 首先
为了减少忧虑,首先有必要弄明白人们爱忧虑所能得到的潜意识心里补偿是怎么回事。
2. 第三行:This is a common lament,and one with a payoff that keeps you standing still and avoiding the risk of action.
Keep sb. doing sth. 让某人一直做某事
人们普遍这样诉苦,这种诉苦的回报会让你安之若素,避免贸然行动。
3. 第五行:Clearly,it is easier,if less rewarding,to worry than to be an active,involved(投入的) person.
很清楚,如果只求较少回报的话,做一个愁苦忧虑的人比作一个积极投入的人更容易。
第三段
1. 第一行:By worrying about someone else,you can label yourself as a caring person.
Worry about sb. 担心某人
Label oneself as 把自己算/看成
Caring person 关心别人的人
你为别人操心,这样你可以把自己算成关心别人的人。
2. 第三行:I can't help worrying-it's because I love you.
Can't help doing sth. 禁不住做某事
我做不到不为你操心-因为我爱你。
3. 第三行:A handsome dividend,although lacking in(缺少)logical,healthy thinking.
这是个相当不错的回报,只不过缺乏合乎逻辑的、正常的思维。
第四段
1. 第二行:You have a good reason for hanging on to the worry behavior.
Have a good reason for doing sth. 很有理由做某事
Hang on to sth. 继续做某事;紧紧抓住;求助;依靠于;
因此你有很好的理由继续忧虑下去。
2. 第三行:Similarly,you may find yourself smoking more in troublesome situations, and can use the worry to avoid giving up smoking.
Find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事(这里的doing是作宾语补足语的)
Avoid doing sth. 避免做某事(avoid后面只能加动词的ing形式)
同样,你可能发现你在烦恼的情况下抽烟的更多,你可以用忧虑作口实,不去戒烟。
3. 第五行:It may be easier for you to worry about chest pains than to risk finding out the truth, and then having to deal directly with yourself.
It为形式主语,阴影中的动词不定式是真正的主语
Risk doing sth. 冒险做某事(risk后面只能加动词的ing形式)
Deal with oneself 处理自己的问题
为胸痛而忧虑比冒险找出病因,然后不得不自己直接处理自己的问题更容易做到。
第五段
1. 第二行:While these may not seem to be payoffs,they do result in(导致) considerable attention from others and justify much self-pity as well.
尽管这不能算回报,但它能引起别人的深切关注并能证明自怜是有道理的。
2. P704第二行:And some people would rather be pitied(被人怜悯的) than fulfilled(充分发挥自己才能的)。
有些人宁愿被人怜悯也不愿充分发挥自己的才能。
第六段
1. Now that 既然;devise some measures for doing sth. 想出做某事的措施
第七段
1. 第一行:Begin to view your present moments as times to live,rather than times to worry about the future.
View sb. as 把某人看成;rather than 而不是
你要开始把你现在的时间看成生活的时光而不是为未来忧虑的时光。
2. Catch oneself doing sth. 发现某人做某事 e.g. catch yourself worrying 发现自己忧虑
3. 最后一行:Then begin to attack(开始着手解决) whatever it is you're avoiding.
然后你就着手解决你正在逃避的任何事。
第八段
1.第一行:A friend of mine spent a week on an island off the Connecticut coast.
Spend 时间 on sth. 花时间做某事
我的一个朋友在康涅狄格州海岸边的一个岛子上住了一个星期。
2. Enjoy后面要加动词的ing形式
3. 第四行:She carried a rock in her hand and resolved to(决心做某事) show no fear as the dogs came running(分词作伴随状语) toward her.
他手里拿了一块石头,下定决心,当狗向她跑来时,决不畏惧。
4. 第六行:Seeing(现在分词表原因,因为看到) someone who refused to back down, they turned and ran away.
这些狗看见有人并不萎缩,转身就跑掉了。
第九段
1. As a result of 作为什么的结果
2. 第四行:What's the worst thing that could happen to(发生在某人身上)me,and what is the likelihood of it occurring(发生,请注意动词的词性)。
可能发生在我身上的最糟糕的事是什么?发生的可能性有多大?
第十段
1. 第一行:Act in direct conflict with(与什么发生冲突,针锋相对) your usual areas of worry.
你行事要和你平常忧虑的事情针锋相对。
第十一段
1. 第一行:These are some techniques for minimizing worry in your life.
Technique for doing sth. 做某事的方法
这是一些能够限度减少你生活忧虑的技术。
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