四级听力测试中简短对话的应试技巧及解题对策
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CET-4听力理解中的A节(Section A)是十组男女对话,每组对话后第三人提出一个简短问题,要求考生从每题所给的四个选项中选出一个答案。对话部分试题的题材多为人们熟悉的交际场合中的一般话题,如商店购物、医院看病、朋友聚会、家庭成员间交谈等。听力对话用的是口语体,语言简练,句型丰富,有陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、省略句等。听力对话主要分成计算型、地点型、关系型、直接型、含蓄型等。由于此部分位于整套试卷的最前面,因此其完成的程度与质量都直接影响着考生的情绪和心态。要做好这一部分,考生应该做到:
一、 掌握一定的应试技巧
1. 提前阅读选择项
在音响信号到来之前,将选择答案快速浏览一遍,预测试题的信息类型,确定记忆的方向与重点。同时很快找出选择答案中的异同点,将疑点按顺序牢牢地储存在记忆之中。这样做的目的是删繁就简、去同存异,为听力理解做好思想准备。
例1:
A. 5346785 B.5396785 C. 5356785 D.5326785
不难发现,上面的四个电话号码,除了第三个数字不同外,其余的都一模一样。在这种情况下,只要我们注意收听不同部分,将这部分弄清楚,正确的答案就自然出来了。
2. 抓住关键词等语言信息
话语中的实义词(名、动、形、副、数词等)都是强读词。在语流中强而慢,通常都能听清楚,实义词是产生意义的关键词。抓住关键词,就能大大加强对语义的理解。除此之外,根据对话中的语气、语调、重音、句子中的语法结构(否定式、比较句、虚拟语气句、让步和转折、情态动词+现在完成时态)等可以推测对话某一方的意图、态度、要求及说话的内容;通过双方所谈话题或者说话口吻可以推测他们的身份以及彼此之间的关系;根据说话者之间的相互关系可以推断对话发生的场所等。
例2:
W: Was the movie as good as you expected?
M: It was a waste of time and money. We should have stayed at home.
Q: How did the man feel about the movie?
He doesn’t want to stay home.
The movie is not good.
He wants to see the movie again.
The movie is just so-so.
在这组对话中,女方询问男方对电影的看法,男方没有直接评价电影的好坏,而是说去看这部电影是浪费时间和金钱,他们本应该呆在家里的。暗含的意思是电影很差,不值得一看。听录音时抓住了男方用的关键词(waste, money, time)及含有情态动词的句型(We should have stayed at home.)就可以选出正确答案B项。
3.边听边快速记录
当对话中含有大量信息或需要进行数字的简单推算时,仅靠记忆是不行的。所以数字、地名、方向、人名、日期、年龄等关键信息要迅速记下,可以用缩写或自己能看懂的符号速记下来。例如下面的对话:
例3:
M: Operator, I’d like to place a call to Athens, Greece. How much will it cost?
W: $9 for the first three minutes, and $3 for each additional minute.
Q: How much would a ten-minute call cost?
A. $29 B. $25 C. $50 D. $30
这个对话牵涉到对数字的简单运算,即9+3×(10-3)=30。 如果不简单地记下来,就很难理清那么多的数字信息。更不用说快速得出答案了。
4. 注意力高度集中
Section A中每题材料都不长,解题信息在一问一答中,因此必须保持全身贯注的状态,若解题过程中有个别难题拿不定主意,可任选一项,然后集中到下一题,千万不要一边听录音一边想着前一题的内容,这样将造成一错再错,并会造成紧张情绪。
二、 熟悉各类题型的解题对策
1. Place and Direction 位置和方向题
例4:
W: London is a gorgeous city. From here you can see the palace guards.
M: Wait until we get to Paris and Madrid. And don’t forget about Rome.
Q: Where did this conversation take place?
A. In Rome. B. In Paris. C. In London. D. In Madrid.
此对话为直接型地点辨别题。只要听清录音中女方的讲话就可以选出正确答案C。这类题关键是要从几个涉及到的地名中选择一个。这就要求考生要听清问题,根据问题进行选择。
例5:
M: May I bring you something else? Some more coffee perhaps?
W: Nothing more, thanks. Just bring me my bill.
Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place?
A. In a bank. B. In a post-office.
C. In a store. D. In a restaurant.
此对话为间接型地点辨别题。对话中没有直接提到场所的名称,但是出现了关键词 “bring”, “coffee”, “bill”,通过这几个反映环境特点的词,我们就可以推测出对话可能发生的地点In a restaurant, 因此答案选D。做此类题的关键是要求考生平时收集一些特定场合、环境下出现的词汇。
2.Numbers and Computation数字和计算题
例6:
W: I like your new shoes very much. How much are they?
M: Do you? $70. I got them on sale. They were 30 percent off.
Q: What’s the original price for the new shoes?
A. $30. B.$100. C.$70. D.$120.
这是一道价格计算题,从关键词 “on sale”, “off”, “original price”, 以及其中的几个数字 “$70”, “30 percent”我们可推算出正确答案为B。在回答这类问题时,除注意听数字外,还要注意一些增、减、倍数关系的词,如more, less, earlier, late, prior to, before, after, percent, half, times等等。
3. Identification and Relationship身份关系题
例7:
W: I need two pieces of identification and your account number before I can cash your check, sir.
M: Here’s my driver’s license and a credit card.
Q: Who is the woman likely to be?
A. A physician. B. A student.
C. A bank teller. D. A policewoman.
此题从选择项可确定是识别身份题,如果我们听音时捕捉住关键词(identification, account number, cash, check, credit card)就很容易明白对话内容,即一方要兑换支票,另一方向其索要证件和帐号,因此可以断定此对话地点在银行,女方为银行职员,所以正确答案应该为C。做这类题要求学生熟悉对话中常见的职业及其有关词汇,从而在听音中迅速抓住关键信息词,作出判断,选出正确答案。
例8:
W: I would like everyone to hand in this lesson tomorrow.
M: Are you going to grade it or is this one for practice?
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Husband and wife. B. Child and parent.
C. Waitress and customer. D.Teacher and student.
此题是对对话者之间的关系加以判断,只要抓住关键词 “hand in”, “lesson”, “grade”, “practice”,就可以判断出正确答案D。身份关系题除在录音时注意抓住信息词外,还要体会说话人的语气、语调,从而准确判断出答案。
4. Direct Conversation直接题型
例9:
W: It is a miracle that Frank came out of the accident alive.
M: That’s true. His car is a total loss, you know.
Q: What do we learn from the above conversation?
A. Frank’s car was accidentally lost.
B. Frank was killed in a car accident.
C. Frank fell out of a car.
D. Frank survived a car accident.
此题是一道直接题型。根据四个选择项的Frank和原文中女方的讲话“Frank came out of the accident alive”,与选择项D 的句意一致。做这一类型的题目时,要求考生从四个选择答案中选出一个和原文不但意义上一致,而且措辞也基本上相同的答案。考生应熟悉原文某个词的同义词或具有同样意义的语法结构,排除干扰,才能准确做对此类题型的题。
例10:
M: I agreed with your proposal at the meeting this morning. It was a good one.
W: You should have backed me up when I needed it.
Q: What did the woman mean?
A. Her back hurt during the meeting.
B. He agreed that it was a good meeting.
C. It’s too late now because he didn’t support her proposal at the meeting.
D. The proposal should be sent back.
通过对话中女方所使用的语法结构“should have backed me up...”可以看出男方应该在会议上支持女方的建议,但他却没有这样做,所以正确答案应该选C。在做此类题时要特别注意听力考试中常出现的几个特殊的句式。例如否定式(no, not, hardly, seldom...)、虚拟语气句、情态动词+现在完成时(should have done, may/might/must/could have done)、让步(although, even if, in spite of, unless...)和转折(but, however...)等。
5.Implied Conversation含蓄题型
例11:
M: That was such an interesting movie! I hope you enjoyed it as much as I did.
W: I must admit that I dozed off after the first 30 minutes.
Q: How did the woman in the conversation feel about the movie?
A. She found it interesting. B. She found it boring.
C She found it informative. D. She found it lengthy.
此类题为含蓄题型,从原文中我们不能得到直接的信息,但通过女方的回答“I dozed off after the first 30 minutes”,我们可以推断出正确答案B。
例12:
M: I think there is something wrong with your bike. If you don’t mind you can use mine.
W: When have you been so generous?
Q: What does the woman mean?
A. The man used to be very generous.
B. The man has never been so generous before.
C. The man is not willing to lend his bike.
D. She is unwilling to use the man’s bike.
通过此对话中女方回答语气中的怀疑态度,我们可以判断出正确答案为B。这类题要求考生理解字里行间的意义之后,根据对话中的某些词、短语、句子及说话人的语气推断出说话人所表示的意义,这样才能得出正确答案。
一、 掌握一定的应试技巧
1. 提前阅读选择项
在音响信号到来之前,将选择答案快速浏览一遍,预测试题的信息类型,确定记忆的方向与重点。同时很快找出选择答案中的异同点,将疑点按顺序牢牢地储存在记忆之中。这样做的目的是删繁就简、去同存异,为听力理解做好思想准备。
例1:
A. 5346785 B.5396785 C. 5356785 D.5326785
不难发现,上面的四个电话号码,除了第三个数字不同外,其余的都一模一样。在这种情况下,只要我们注意收听不同部分,将这部分弄清楚,正确的答案就自然出来了。
2. 抓住关键词等语言信息
话语中的实义词(名、动、形、副、数词等)都是强读词。在语流中强而慢,通常都能听清楚,实义词是产生意义的关键词。抓住关键词,就能大大加强对语义的理解。除此之外,根据对话中的语气、语调、重音、句子中的语法结构(否定式、比较句、虚拟语气句、让步和转折、情态动词+现在完成时态)等可以推测对话某一方的意图、态度、要求及说话的内容;通过双方所谈话题或者说话口吻可以推测他们的身份以及彼此之间的关系;根据说话者之间的相互关系可以推断对话发生的场所等。
例2:
W: Was the movie as good as you expected?
M: It was a waste of time and money. We should have stayed at home.
Q: How did the man feel about the movie?
He doesn’t want to stay home.
The movie is not good.
He wants to see the movie again.
The movie is just so-so.
在这组对话中,女方询问男方对电影的看法,男方没有直接评价电影的好坏,而是说去看这部电影是浪费时间和金钱,他们本应该呆在家里的。暗含的意思是电影很差,不值得一看。听录音时抓住了男方用的关键词(waste, money, time)及含有情态动词的句型(We should have stayed at home.)就可以选出正确答案B项。
3.边听边快速记录
当对话中含有大量信息或需要进行数字的简单推算时,仅靠记忆是不行的。所以数字、地名、方向、人名、日期、年龄等关键信息要迅速记下,可以用缩写或自己能看懂的符号速记下来。例如下面的对话:
例3:
M: Operator, I’d like to place a call to Athens, Greece. How much will it cost?
W: $9 for the first three minutes, and $3 for each additional minute.
Q: How much would a ten-minute call cost?
A. $29 B. $25 C. $50 D. $30
这个对话牵涉到对数字的简单运算,即9+3×(10-3)=30。 如果不简单地记下来,就很难理清那么多的数字信息。更不用说快速得出答案了。
4. 注意力高度集中
Section A中每题材料都不长,解题信息在一问一答中,因此必须保持全身贯注的状态,若解题过程中有个别难题拿不定主意,可任选一项,然后集中到下一题,千万不要一边听录音一边想着前一题的内容,这样将造成一错再错,并会造成紧张情绪。
二、 熟悉各类题型的解题对策
1. Place and Direction 位置和方向题
例4:
W: London is a gorgeous city. From here you can see the palace guards.
M: Wait until we get to Paris and Madrid. And don’t forget about Rome.
Q: Where did this conversation take place?
A. In Rome. B. In Paris. C. In London. D. In Madrid.
此对话为直接型地点辨别题。只要听清录音中女方的讲话就可以选出正确答案C。这类题关键是要从几个涉及到的地名中选择一个。这就要求考生要听清问题,根据问题进行选择。
例5:
M: May I bring you something else? Some more coffee perhaps?
W: Nothing more, thanks. Just bring me my bill.
Q: Where did the conversation most probably take place?
A. In a bank. B. In a post-office.
C. In a store. D. In a restaurant.
此对话为间接型地点辨别题。对话中没有直接提到场所的名称,但是出现了关键词 “bring”, “coffee”, “bill”,通过这几个反映环境特点的词,我们就可以推测出对话可能发生的地点In a restaurant, 因此答案选D。做此类题的关键是要求考生平时收集一些特定场合、环境下出现的词汇。
2.Numbers and Computation数字和计算题
例6:
W: I like your new shoes very much. How much are they?
M: Do you? $70. I got them on sale. They were 30 percent off.
Q: What’s the original price for the new shoes?
A. $30. B.$100. C.$70. D.$120.
这是一道价格计算题,从关键词 “on sale”, “off”, “original price”, 以及其中的几个数字 “$70”, “30 percent”我们可推算出正确答案为B。在回答这类问题时,除注意听数字外,还要注意一些增、减、倍数关系的词,如more, less, earlier, late, prior to, before, after, percent, half, times等等。
3. Identification and Relationship身份关系题
例7:
W: I need two pieces of identification and your account number before I can cash your check, sir.
M: Here’s my driver’s license and a credit card.
Q: Who is the woman likely to be?
A. A physician. B. A student.
C. A bank teller. D. A policewoman.
此题从选择项可确定是识别身份题,如果我们听音时捕捉住关键词(identification, account number, cash, check, credit card)就很容易明白对话内容,即一方要兑换支票,另一方向其索要证件和帐号,因此可以断定此对话地点在银行,女方为银行职员,所以正确答案应该为C。做这类题要求学生熟悉对话中常见的职业及其有关词汇,从而在听音中迅速抓住关键信息词,作出判断,选出正确答案。
例8:
W: I would like everyone to hand in this lesson tomorrow.
M: Are you going to grade it or is this one for practice?
Q: What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?
A. Husband and wife. B. Child and parent.
C. Waitress and customer. D.Teacher and student.
此题是对对话者之间的关系加以判断,只要抓住关键词 “hand in”, “lesson”, “grade”, “practice”,就可以判断出正确答案D。身份关系题除在录音时注意抓住信息词外,还要体会说话人的语气、语调,从而准确判断出答案。
4. Direct Conversation直接题型
例9:
W: It is a miracle that Frank came out of the accident alive.
M: That’s true. His car is a total loss, you know.
Q: What do we learn from the above conversation?
A. Frank’s car was accidentally lost.
B. Frank was killed in a car accident.
C. Frank fell out of a car.
D. Frank survived a car accident.
此题是一道直接题型。根据四个选择项的Frank和原文中女方的讲话“Frank came out of the accident alive”,与选择项D 的句意一致。做这一类型的题目时,要求考生从四个选择答案中选出一个和原文不但意义上一致,而且措辞也基本上相同的答案。考生应熟悉原文某个词的同义词或具有同样意义的语法结构,排除干扰,才能准确做对此类题型的题。
例10:
M: I agreed with your proposal at the meeting this morning. It was a good one.
W: You should have backed me up when I needed it.
Q: What did the woman mean?
A. Her back hurt during the meeting.
B. He agreed that it was a good meeting.
C. It’s too late now because he didn’t support her proposal at the meeting.
D. The proposal should be sent back.
通过对话中女方所使用的语法结构“should have backed me up...”可以看出男方应该在会议上支持女方的建议,但他却没有这样做,所以正确答案应该选C。在做此类题时要特别注意听力考试中常出现的几个特殊的句式。例如否定式(no, not, hardly, seldom...)、虚拟语气句、情态动词+现在完成时(should have done, may/might/must/could have done)、让步(although, even if, in spite of, unless...)和转折(but, however...)等。
5.Implied Conversation含蓄题型
例11:
M: That was such an interesting movie! I hope you enjoyed it as much as I did.
W: I must admit that I dozed off after the first 30 minutes.
Q: How did the woman in the conversation feel about the movie?
A. She found it interesting. B. She found it boring.
C She found it informative. D. She found it lengthy.
此类题为含蓄题型,从原文中我们不能得到直接的信息,但通过女方的回答“I dozed off after the first 30 minutes”,我们可以推断出正确答案B。
例12:
M: I think there is something wrong with your bike. If you don’t mind you can use mine.
W: When have you been so generous?
Q: What does the woman mean?
A. The man used to be very generous.
B. The man has never been so generous before.
C. The man is not willing to lend his bike.
D. She is unwilling to use the man’s bike.
通过此对话中女方回答语气中的怀疑态度,我们可以判断出正确答案为B。这类题要求考生理解字里行间的意义之后,根据对话中的某些词、短语、句子及说话人的语气推断出说话人所表示的意义,这样才能得出正确答案。
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