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10.1 独立主格
(一): 独立主格结构的构成:
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
(二) 独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例:
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆
(一): 独立主格结构的构成:
名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词;
名词(代词)+形容词;
名词(代词)+副词;
名词(代词)+不定式;
名词(代词) +介词短语构成。
(二) 独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例:
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆

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简单的说:当现在分词(短语)、过去分词(短语)、 形容词(短语)、 副词(短语)、 不定式短语、 介词短语等作状语时,它们的逻辑主语/宾语与 句子谓语的主语是一致的,否则(不一致的话),这些短语前要加上自己的逻辑主语,代词用主格,名词用普通格。如:
He is working hard there,using a new kind of tool.(using的逻辑主语与句子谓语is working 的主语He 是一致的,所以不用独立主格结构)
The school leader was gaving a talk, the students as well as some teachers listening carefully.(listening的逻辑主语与句子谓语was gaving 的主语The school leader是不一致的,所以要在listening前加上自己的逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构)
He is working hard there,using a new kind of tool.(using的逻辑主语与句子谓语is working 的主语He 是一致的,所以不用独立主格结构)
The school leader was gaving a talk, the students as well as some teachers listening carefully.(listening的逻辑主语与句子谓语was gaving 的主语The school leader是不一致的,所以要在listening前加上自己的逻辑主语,构成独立主格结构)
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