Question

帮忙根据题目 帮我写250字的英文作文 高悬赏哦

Women should be allowed to go topless in pulie?Why 写完请翻译 一下 我会给高报酬的
University or college students should be allowde to wear the same uniforms ? 大哥大姐 帮帮忙啊 这两个题目 帮我写一篇

Answer 1

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madonna_(entertainer)

In 1982, Madonna signed a singles deal with Sire Records,[22] a label belonging to Warner Bros. Records. Her first release was "Everybody" on April 24, 1982.[23] "Burning Up" followed in March 1983. On May 5, 1983 a promotional single for "Physical Attraction" was released to U.S. radio. Her debut album, Madonna was primarily produced by Reggie Lucas. Madonnas then-boyfriend John "Jellybean" Benitez remixed and rearranged them. He also added a song ("Holiday").

Madonna's look and manner of dress, live performances and music videos, became influential among young girls and women. Defined by lace tops, skirts over capri pants, fishnet stockings, jewelry bearing the Christian cross, and bleached hair, it became a female fashion trend in the 1980s.[24] Her follow up album, Like a Virgin, became her first number one album on the U.S. albums chart,[25] buoyed by the success of its title track, "Like a Virgin", which reached number one in the U.S. with a six week stay at the top.[18] The album sold 8 million copies in the US and another 4 million worldwide at its time of release.[26] She performed the title song at the first MTV Video Music Awards, wearing her then-trademark "Boy Toy" belt.[27] Like a Virgin was listed by the National Association of Recording Merchandisers and Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as one of the Definitive 200 Albums of All Time.[28][29]

In 1985, Madonna entered mainstream films, beginning with a brief appearance as a club singer in the film Vision Quest. The soundtrack to the film contained her second U.S. number one single "Crazy for You",[30] as well as the UK hit "Gambler". Later that year, she appeared in Desperately Seeking Susan. The film introduced the song "Into the Groove", which was released with "Angel", and became her first number one in the UK.[31] Madonna embarked on her first concert tour in the U.S. in 1985 titled The Virgin Tour, with The Beastie Boys.[32] In July that year, Penthouse and Playboy magazines published a number of black and white nude photos of Madonna taken in the late 1970s. Madonna took legal action to try and block them from being published, but when that failed she became unapologetic and defiant.[33] At the outdoor Live Aid charity concert at the height of the controversy, Madonna made a critical reference to the media and stated she would not take her jacket off because "they might hold it against me ten years from now".[
Madonna's 1986 album True Blue prompted Rolling Stone to say that "it sounds as if it comes from the heart."[34] The album included the ballad "Live to Tell", which she wrote for the film At Close Range, starring her then-husband Sean Penn. In September 1986, True Blue had 8 million shipments in the United States - making it her third best-selling recording there.[35] It produced five successful singles: "Live to Tell" (U.S. #1), "Papa Don't Preach" (U.S. #1), "Open Your Heart" (U.S. #1), "True Blue" (U.S. #3) and "La Isla Bonita" (U.S. #4).[36] In 1986, Madonna also made her theatrical debut and played opposite Sean Penn in a production of David Rabe's Goose and Tom-Tom.[37]

In 1987, Madonna starred in Who's That Girl, and contributed four songs to its soundtrack, including the title track. Its second single, "Causing a Commotion", peaked in the U.S. at #2.[38] The same year, Madonna embarked on the Who's That Girl World Tour. It also marked her first conflict with the Vatican, as Pope John Paul II urging fans not to attend her performances in Italy.[39] Later that year, Madonna released a remix album of past hits, You Can Dance, which included one new song, "Spotlight". In 1988, city officials in the town of Pacentro planned to construct a 13-foot (4 m) statue of Madonna in a bustier. The statue commemorates the fact that her ancestors had lived in Pacentro.[40] In 1988, Madonna starred as Karen in a play by David Mamet called Speed-the-Plow.[41]

Madonna's fourth album, Like a Prayer, released in 1989, was co-written and co-produced with Patrick Leonard and Stephen Bray.[42] All Music Guide described the album as "her best and most consistent",[43] while Rolling Stone hailed it as "...as close to art as pop music gets".[44] Like a Prayer peaked at number one on the US album chart and sold 7 million copies worldwide, with 4 million copies alone sold in the U.S.[45] The album produced five hit singles: the title track, "Express Yourself" (U.S. #1),[46] "Cherish" (U.S. #2),[47] "Oh Father" and "Keep It Together" (U.S. #8).[48] The title song became her seventh #1 in the U.S.[49]

In early 1989, Madonna signed an endorsement deal with soft drink manufacturer Pepsi. She appeared and debuted her new song, "Like a Prayer", in a Pepsi commercial and also made a separate music video in it. The video was condemned by the Vatican.[50] It featured many Catholic symbols, such as stigmata and burning crosses.[51] Since the commercial and music video were nearly identical, Pepsi was unable to convince the public that their commercial actually had nothing that could be deemed inappropriate. Pepsi revoked the commercial and allowed Madonna to keep her 5 million dollar fee, as the contract was nullified
In 1990, Madonna starred as "Breathless" Mahoney in a film adaptation of the comic book series Dick Tracy.[53] To accompany the launching of the film, in May 1990 she released I'm Breathless, which included songs inspired by the film's 1930s setting. It featured her eighth U.S. #1 song "Vogue",[54] the Gershwin-esque "Something to Remember", and three songs by Stephen Sondheim including her Academy Award-winning song "Sooner or Later".[55] The second single released from "I'm Breathless" was "Hanky Panky" which peaked in the U.S. at #9.[56] In April 1990, Madonna began her Blond Ambition World Tour. Featuring religious and sexual themes and symbolism, the tour drew controversy from Madonna's performance of "Like a Virgin" during which two male dancers caressed her body before she simulated masturbation.[57] The Pope encouraged Italians not to attend the tour.[58] A private association of Catholics, called Famiglia Domani, also boycotted it for the sexual innuendos and eroticism.[59] In response, Madonna declared, "I am Italian American and proud of it." Madonna said that the Pope's reaction hurt, "because I'm Italian, you know", but in another interview the same year stated that she had ceased to practice Catholicism because the Church "completely frowns on sex… except for procreation".[60]

In November 1990, Madonna released her first greatest hits compilation album, The Immaculate Collection, which included two new songs: "Justify My Love" and "Rescue Me".[61] "Rescue Me" became the highest-debuting single by a female artist in U.S. chart history, entering at #15 and peaking at #9.[18] The music video for "Justify My Love", showed Madonna in suggestive scenes with her then-lover Tony Ward, as well as scenes of sadism and masochism, bondage,[62] same-sex kissing and brief nudity.[63] It was deemed too sexually explicit for MTV and banned from the station.[62] Warner Bros Records released the video as a video single—the first of its kind. "Justify My Love" became #1 in the U.S.[64] In 1991, Madonna starred in her first documentary film, Truth or Dare (In Bed with Madonna outside North America), which chronicled her Blond Ambition Tour, as well as her personal life. The following year, she appeared in the baseball film A League of Their Own with a portrayal of Italian American Mae Mordabito, and recorded the film's theme song, "This Used to Be My Playground".

In 1992, Madonna founded her own entertainment company, Maverick, consisting of a record company; Maverick Records, a film production company; Maverick Films and also music publishing, television, merchandising and book-publishing divisions. It was a joint venture with Time Warner as part of a $60 million recording and business deal. The deal gave her a royalty rate of 20% which was equal then of Michael Jackson.[23] The first release from the venture was Madonna's first publication SEX, a book consisting of sexually provocative and explicit images photographed by Steven Meisel. It caused media controversy but sold 500,000 copies in the U.S., selling out worldwide.[65] At the same time she released her fifth studio album Erotica, featuring three sexual songs—"Erotica", "Where Life Begins", and "Did You Do It?". The album peaked at number two in the U.S.[66] and the title track "Erotica" reached #2 in the U.S.[67]

During 1993, she starred in two films. First was the erotic thriller Body of Evidence. The film contained S&M and bondage.[68] The second was the first production for Maverick Films, Dangerous Game. It was released straight-to-video in North America but received some good reviews for Madonna's performance. The New York Times described that "She submits impressively to the emotions raging furiously around her."[69] Madonna was publicly unhappy with the end result saying that "Even though it's a shit movie and I hate it, I am good in it." She also expressed her disappointment regarding the final cut of the film, claiming that the director had cut many of her key scenes and completely changed the ending.[70] Madonna embarked on The Girlie Show Tour at the end of 1993. It featured her dressed as a whip-cracking dominatrix, surrounded by topless dancers.[71] The controversy continued in Puerto Rico when she rubbed its flag between her legs on stage, while Orthodox Jews protested against her first ever show in Israel.[72]

In the spring of 1994, Madonna released the single "I'll Remember" which she recorded for Alek Keshishian's film With Honors. During this time she also had a controversial appearance on the Late Show with David Letterman.[73] Later that year, she released her sixth studio album Bedtime Stories. It produced four singles—the lead off single "Secret", "Take a Bow", "Bedtime Story" and "Human Nature".

In November 1995, Madonna released Something to Remember, a collection of her ballads, which featured three new tracks, including a cover of the Marvin Gaye song "I Want You", which she recorded with the British band Massive Attack, and the top ten song "You'll See". In 1996, Madonna’s most critically successful film, Evita, was released.[74] She portrayed the main part of Eva Perón, a role first played by Elaine Paige in the West End.[75] The film's soundtrack produced two successful singles, "Don't Cry for Me Argentina" and "You Must Love Me". "You Must Love Me" won an Academy Award and a Golden Globe for Best Original Song From a Motion Picture the following year. Madonna also won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress in a Musical or Comedy.

Madonna's 1998 studio album Ray of Light debuted at #2 on the U.S. albums chart.[77] E! praised its lyrical depth.[78] All Music Guide's Stephen Thomas Erlewine called it her "most adventurous record."[79]In 1999, Ray of Light won three Grammy Awards for "Best Dance Recording," "Best Pop Album," and "Best Recording Package,"[80] and was nominated for Record and Album of The Year. the album's title track won a Grammy for "Best Short Form Music Video."[81] Ray of Light produced the single "Frozen" which was adjudicated to be a plagiarism of Belgian songwriter Salvatore Acquaviva's 1993 song "Ma Vie Fout L'camp".[82] The album has been ranked #363 on Rolling Stone's list of 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[83][84] Microsoft used the Ray of Light title track in its advertising campaign Yes you can, to introduce Windows XP.[85] In 1998, Madonna was signed to play the role of violin teacher Roberta Guaspari Demetras in the film Music of the Heart, and studied for many months to play the violin, but left the project before filming began, citing "creative differences" with director Wes Craven.[86] Madonna followed the success of Ray of Light with the U.S. #19 single, "Beautiful Stranger",[87] recorded for the Austin Powers: The Spy Who Shagged Me soundtrack (1999).

In 2000, Madonna starred in The Next Best Thing. Madonna contributed two songs to the film's soundtrack, "Time Stood Still" and "American Pie". Madonna's eighth studio album, Music was released in 2000. It introduced folk guitars in the top ten song "Don't Tell Me" and the ballad "Gone". Music debuted at #1 on the US album charts.[88]

In 2001, Madonna began her first world tour since 1993, the Drowned World Tour, visiting cities in North America and Europe. The tour was a success as one of the highest grossing of the year.[89] Drowned World Tour grossed $75 million from 47 sold-out shows.[90] She also released her second greatest hits collection, GHV2 to coincide with the home video release of the tour.

In 2002, Madonna starred in the film Swept Away also directed by her husband Guy Ritchie. The film was a commercial and critical failure and released straight-to-video in the UK.[91] Later that year, she released the title song "Die Another Day" to the 20th James Bond film, in which she had a cameo role. It reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 and was nominated for both a Golden Globe for Best Original Song[92] and a Golden Raspberry for Worst Song.

Madonna released her ninth studio album, American Life, in April 2003. The lyrics were themed on the aspects of the American dream, fame, fortune and society. The record received mixed reviews.[95] The song peaked at #37 on the Billboard Hot 100.[49] Having sold 4 million copies,[96] American Life became the lowest selling album of her career.[97] Later that year, Madonna performed the song "Hollywood" with Britney Spears, Christina Aguilera and Missy Elliott at the MTV Video Music Awards. Madonna kissed Spears and Aguilera during the performance, resulting in tabloid press frenzy.[98] That fall, Madonna provided guest vocals on Spears's single "Me Against the Music".[99] During the Christmas season of 2003, Madonna released Remixed & Revisited, a remix EP that included rock versions of songs from American Life, and "Your Honesty", a previously unreleased track from the Bedtime Stories recording sessions.

In March 2004 Madonna and Maverick sued Warner Music Group and its former parent company, Time Warner, claiming that mismanagement of resources and poor bookkeeping had cost the company millions of dollars. In return, WMG filed a countersuit, alleging that Maverick had lost tens of millions of dollars on its own.[100] [101] On June 14, 2004, the dispute was resolved when Maverick shares owned by Madonna and Ronnie Dashev were purchased. The company was now a wholly owned subsidiary of Warner Music. but Madonna is still signed to Warner under a separate recording contract.[100] Later that year, Madonna embarked on the Re-Invention World Tour in the U.S., Canada, and Europe. It became the highest-grossing tour of 2004, earning $125 million.[102] She made a documentary about the tour named I'm Going to Tell You a Secret. In 2004, Rolling Stone ranked her #36 on their list of the "100 Greatest Artists of All Time"
Madonna's tenth studio album, Confessions on a Dance Floor (2005) sold more than 8 million copies.[108] The album received positive reviews.[109] It produced four singles including "Hung Up" which reached #1 in a record breaking 45 countries.[110] Madonna opened the 2006 Grammy Awards with "Hung Up", alongside the nominated computer-generated band, Gorillaz. "Sorry" then became Madonna's twelfth number one in the UK,[111] making her the female artist with the most #1 singles in the UK charts.[112] "Sorry" peaked at #58 in the U.S. The third single, "Get Together", became her thirty-sixth number one dance hit in the U.S.[49] The fourth single, "Jump", charted at number nine in the UK.[113] She thus holds the record of 38 #1 Hot Dance Club Play hits in the US, the most for any artist.In mid-2006, Madonna signed on to become the worldwide face of H&M.[115] Included in the deal was a specially designed track suit, created by Madonna. The next year, the clothing line M by Madonna was launched internationally.[116] Madonna's Confessions Tour began in late May 2006 and ended in September 2006. It had a global audience of 1.2 million people and, with reported gross sales of $260.1 million, was the highest grossing tour ever by a female artist.[117] The use of religious symbols such as the crucifix and crown of thorns in the performance of "Live to Tell" caused controversy. The Russian Orthodox Church and the Federation of Jewish Communities of Russia urged all members to boycott her concert.[118] Vatican officials claimed that Madonna's performance while hanging off a cross and wearing a crown of thorns was an open attack on Catholicism and should not be performed in the same city as the Pope's residence,[119] to which Madonna responded: "My performance is neither anti-Christian, sacrilegious or blasphemous. Rather, it is my plea to the audience to encourage mankind to help one another and to see the world as a unified whole."[120]

Madonna opposes United States President George W. Bush. In her Confessions Tour, she sang the 2005 song "I Love New York". Instead of the original lyrics "just go to Texas, isn't that where they golf?" she sings "just go to Texas and suck George Bush's dick!"[121] In the autumn of 2006, she expressed her support for Hillary Clinton in the 2008 election.[122] Most recently, she stated that she would be behind Al Gore if he decided to run for the 2008 elections after seeing his documentary on global warming, An Inconvenient Truth.[123] She also urged her fans to see Michael Moore's Fahrenheit 9/11.[124]

In December 2006, PETA criticised Madonna for wearing a real chinchilla fur coat in a London restaurant

On May 16, 2007, Madonna released the download-only song "Hey You", in anticipation of Live Earth, which was free for its first week.[127] Madonna performed "Hey You" among other songs at the London concert of Live Earth at Wembley Stadium on July 7, 2007.[128]

In October, 2007 Madonna announced her departure from record company Warner Bros. and a new $120 million, ten year contract with pop concert promoters Live Nation. She will be the founding recording artist for the new music division, Live Nation Artists (formerly Artist Nation), and the deal will consist of albums, tours, merchandise and promotion.[129] The Warner Bros. deal will be completed with her 2008 Hard Candy album and a compilation album due at the end of 2008 or early 2009.[130]

In November 2007, The New York Post claimed animal lovers were "horrified" by Madonna dyeing her sheep for a photograph, and "vilified" for organising pheasant-hunting parties at her estate.[131]

In December 2007, the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame announced Madonna as one of the five inductees of 2008.[132] The ceremony, which also included fellow inductees John Mellencamp, Leonard Cohen, the Ventures, and the Dave Clark Five, took place on March 10, 2008.[133] Madonna was inducted into the Hall by Justin Timberlake. Madonna also directed her first film, Filth and Wisdom and produced I Am Because We Are, a documentary on the problems faced by Malawians

Answer 2

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