Question

英语虚拟语气有哪几种用法。

Answer 1

虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测，建议等含义，虚拟语气所表示的含义不是客观存在的事实。
If
I
were
you,
Id
take
them
away.
如果我是你的话，我就会带走他们。
If
I
had
met
Li
Hua,
I
could
had
told
him.
如果我碰见了李华，我就告诉他了。
If
I
had
time.
I
could
come
to
help
you.
如果我有时间，我会来帮助你的。
He
suggested
that
our
class
should
be
divided
into
five
groups.
他建议说我们的班应该分成五个小组。
He
speaks
to
us
as
if
he
had
been
there.
他给我们讲的好象他去过那儿。
虚拟语气的用法
1)
虚拟语气用在简单句中，表示祝愿，命令。
May
you
be
happy.
祝你幸福。
May
you
have
a
good
time.
祝愿你玩的痛快。
May
the
friendship
between
us
last
long.
祝愿我们的友情天长地久。
Have
a
good
journey!
祝愿你旅途愉快!
You
go
out!
你出去!
2)
虚拟语气用在宾语从句中。动词
wish,
suggest,order,insist,
propose,等词后面的宾语从句表示的是一种虚拟语气，宾语从句中的动词动作表示的只是一种愿望、要求。
I
wish
she
would
be
on
my
side.
我希望她能站在我一边。
I
wish
I
could
help
him.
我希望我能帮助他。
He
insisted
that
all
of
us
should
be
there
on
time
by
any
means.
他坚持要我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿。
动词
demand,
suggest,
order,
insist,
propose
后面的从句中，"should"
可以省略。
The
teacher
suggested
that
we
(should)
clean
the
blackboard
after
class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
He
ordered
that
the
students
wash
the
clothes
every
week
by
themselves.
他要求学生每周都要自己洗衣服。
3)
虚拟语气用在主语从句中。
在句型
"It
is
important
(necessary,
strange,
natural)
that
....
"
中，that
后面的从句中的谓语动词用:
should
+
动词原形。
Its
necessary
that
we
should
have
a
walk
now.
我们有必要出去散散步。
Its
natural
that
she
should
do
so.
她这样做是很自然的。
Its
important
that
we
should
take
good
care
of
the
patient.
重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
4)
虚拟语气用在状语从句中。
虚拟语气最多地用在表示条件的状语从句和表示结果的从句中。在表示与事实相反的虚拟语气时，动词有三种时态形式，即现在、过去和将来。
A.与现在事实相反的:
If
I
(we,you,he,they)+
动词过去式..
if
I
(he,she)
were...
I
(we)
should
+
动词原形。
He
(you,they)
would
+
动词原形。
B.与过去事实相反的:
If
I(we,you,he,they)+
had
+
过去分词
I(we)should
+
have+
过去分词。He
(you,they)
would
+
have
+
过去分词。
If
I
were
you,
I
should
buy
it.
如果我是你，我就买了它。
If
I
had
time,
I
would
study
French.
如果我有时间，我会学习法语的。
If
she
knew
English,she
would
not
ask
me
for
help.
如果她懂英语的话，她不会找我帮忙的。
If
you
had
got
up
earlier,
you
could
have
caught
the
train.
如果你早一点起床，就会赶上火车的。
If
it
were
fine
tomorrow,I
would
go
shopping.
如果明天天气好，我就去买东西。
有关虚拟语气的几个问题
1)
有时if引导的状语从句可以省略
if，而把从句中的动词
were,
had
或
should
移到主语前面。
Were
she
younger,
she
would
do
it
.
如果她年青点，
她就会干的。
Had
he
known
her
address,
he
would
had
gone
to
visit
her.
如果他知道她的地址，他会去看她的。
2)
有时表示虚拟语气的条件从句或者主句都可以省略，而只剩下一个主句或者一个条件从句。
I
could
help
you.
我本来可以帮助你。
If
I
had
time.
我要有时间该多好啊!
She
should
have
come
to
the
party.
她应该来参加聚会。
If
he
had
much
more
money.
如果他有更多的钱就能...。
3)
虚拟语气中，条件从句的动词动作可以和主句的动词动作时态不一致。
If
they
had
studied
hard,
they
could
do
it
easily
now.
如果他们以前努力学习的话，现在干的就会容易些。
If
he
had
not
taken
my
advice,
he
wouldnt
do
it
much
better
like
this.
如果他不听取我的建议，他就不会干得这样好。