Question

宾补与状语怎么区分?

Answer 1

过去分词作状语
1.过去分词作状语过去分词作状语表示被动的和完成的动作.
(1) Written in a hurry,this article was not so good!因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好.
【注意】written 为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写.值得注意的是,有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦).
(2) Lost / Absorbed in deep thought,he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音.
2.过去分词作状语时其逻辑主语为主句的主语,此时应注意人称一致.
(1) Given another hour,I can also work out this problem.
再给我一个小时,我也能解这道题.(given 为过去分词作状语,它的逻辑主语为主句主语 I ,即 I 被再给一个小时.)
(2)_ Seen from the top of the hill,the city looks more beautiful to us.
从山顶看城市,城市显得更漂亮.(seen 为过去分词作状语,表"被看",由语境可知,它的逻辑主语必须是城市,而不是"我们",因为"我们"应主动看城市.)
【注意】如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语,主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语,这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构.
(1) The signal given,the bus started.信号一发出,汽车就开动了.(the signal 是 given 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 the bus 就不是given 的逻辑主语.
(2) Her head held high,she went by.她把头昂得高高地从这儿走了过去.(her head 是 held high 的逻辑主语,因此主句主语 she 就不再是held high 的逻辑主语.)
3.过去分词作状语来源于状语从句.
(1) Caught in a heavy rain,he was all wet.因为淋了一场大雨,所以他全身湿透了.(caught in a heavy rain 为过去分词短语作原因状语,它来源于原因状语从句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain.)
(2)_Grown in rich soil,these seeds can grow fast.如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快.( grown in rich soil 为过去分词作条件状语,它来源于条件状语从句 If these seeds are grown in rich soil.
【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语.
When given a medical examination,you should keep calm.当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.
4.过去分词作状语的位置.过去分词可放在主句前作句首状语,后面有逗号与主句隔开;也可放在主句后面,前面有逗号与主句隔开.
He stood there silently,moved to tears.= Moved to tears,he stood there silently.他静静地站在那里,被感动得热泪盈眶.
过去分词作宾语补足语
(一)能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类:
1.表示感觉或心理状态的动词.如:see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,feel,notice,think等.
(1) I heard the song sung in English.我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌.(过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;)
(2)_He found his hometown greatly changed.他发现他的家乡变化很大.(过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found)
2.表示"致使"意义的动词.如:have,make,get,keep,leave等.
(1) I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发.
(2) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.他昨天把牙拔了.
(3) Don't leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完.
【注意】过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系.
(二)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况.
1.过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成.
He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了.(被别人偷去了)
2.过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历.如:He had his leg broken.他的腿断了.(自己的经历)
with +宾语+过去分词"结构
此结构中,过去分词用作介词 with的宾语补足语.这一结构通常在句中作时间,方式,条件,原因等状语.
(1) The murderer was brought in,with his hands tied behind his back.凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后.(表方式)
(2) With water heated,we can see the steam.水一被加热,我们就会看到水蒸气.(表条件)
(3) With the matter settled,we all went home.事情得到解决,我们都回家了.(表原因)
(4)_She stood in front of him,with her eyes fixed on his face.她站在他面前,眼睛注视着他.
(5) He stood for an instant with his hand still raised.他仍然举着手站了一会儿