新概念英语第2册重要句型语法Lesson28~30

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新概念英语第2册重要句型语法Lesson28


  一、重要句型语法


  现在完成时


  本课侧重的是现在完成时的标志性词语的用法。如:already/just/never/ever/yet。此外,还有一些标志性的时间状语或短语的用法。如:so far/up till/to now;three times;have been to/have gone to;since/for等。


  二、课文主要语言点


  Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. 1)one of those who后面的谓语动词多用单数,复数也可以。但是,如果是the only one of who后面的谓语动词就只能用单数。 2)rare,稀有的、很少。其副词为rarely,表示很少,是否定副词。 3)believe in,相信、信任某人或某物。注意与believe(相信某人的话)的区别。 4)ancient,古代的、古老的。 5)myth,神话。


  He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. 1)just是现在完成时的标志性词语。 2)ever since,自从。与since意思和用法相同,都是现在完成时的标志性词语。 3)have trouble with sth.,碰到…麻烦。如果have trouble后接动词,则采用in doing的形式,即have trouble in doing,其中的in一般都会省略。 4)owner,主人。源自动词own(拥有)。


  When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. 1)return home,回到家里。相当于come back home。 2)park a car,停车(车子熄火,人离开)。注意与stop a car的区别(暂停不熄火,人在车里)。


  Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. 1)because of,因为、由于。介词短语,后面只能接单词或短语,不能接句子。 2)be able to,得以。表示好不容易才能够。 3)get…into…,把…放到…


  Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. 1)put up,张贴。 2)No Doing,标牌用语,表示禁止。如No Spitting,禁止随地吐痰。 3)have an effect,有影响。如果要表示对…有影响,则采用have an effect on/upon…


  Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. It is one of the +级+复数名词+sb.+have/has ever done,这是某人...的等最…的...。其中,I have ever seen是作为faces的定语从句,省略了在从句中作宾语的关系代词that。


  I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. 1)what it was作为asked的宾语从句,所以要采用陈述句语序。 2)Medusa,美杜莎。希腊神话中的一个女妖,高哥(Gorgon)三女妖之一。她的头发都是蛇。据说她原是一位美丽的少女。


  Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet! 1)turn…to…,把…变成.. 2)none of sb….yet,没有一个...


  三、读写重点


  注意并列复合句的运用:He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners. 句中的but引导的是第一层关系的并列句,然后在but分句中含有由ever since引导第二层关系的时间状语从句,所以整个句子为并列复合句




新概念英语第2册重要句型语法Lesson29


  重要句型或语法


  一般过去时和现在完成时


  本课侧重的是这两种时态的对比。一般过去时侧重的是描述过去发生了某事,而现在完成时侧重的是发生在过去的事情对现在造成的影响。如:


  The captain's first passenger was a doctor.


  Since then, he has flown passengers to many unusual places.


  课文主要语言点


  Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service. 1)注意captain在这里用作头衔的称呼,放在人名前面。无论是否在句首,首字母都要大写。 比如:President Obama。 2)unusual,不寻常的。源自usual(平常的,常见的)。 3)service,服务、业务。源自动词serve。


  The 'taxi' is a small Swiss aeroplane called a 'Pilatus Porter'. 1)taxi在此打引号,是因为这个不是真正饿出租车,而是“飞的”。 2)Swiss,瑞士的。其名词形式为Switzerland。 3)aeroplane,飞机。这是英式英语的拼写,美式英语的拼写为airplane。都可以简化为plane,而且英国人也越来越多地使用airplane了。 4)Pilatus,皮拉图斯,是瑞士一家飞机制造公司。Pilatus也是一座山的名字,位于瑞士卢塞恩西南侧15公里处,乘坐世界上倾斜率的轨道列车,观赏令人叹为观止的山峰全景和白雪皑皑的阿尔卑斯山。


  This wonderful plane can carry seven passsengers. 1)wondeful,极好的、精彩的。源自名词wonder(奇迹)。 2)carry,承载、运输。 3)注意passenger(乘客)的拼写。


  The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. 1)the most surprising,可复习一下由分词转化过来的形容词的比较级和级,无论其多少个音节,都要用more和the most。如:more slowly, the most slowly。 2)注意however(然而)的用法:位于句首开头时,后面要用逗号与主句隔开;位于句中时,前后都要用逗号隔开;位于句末是,前面要用逗号隔开。 3)本句中的that引导的是表语从句。 4)plough,耕种。


  Captain Fawcett's first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. 1)这句话开始描述过去发生的事情了,所以要用一般过去时。 2)注意fly的过去式和过去分词为flew和flown。 3)lonely,偏僻的、人迹罕至的。常用意思为孤独的。注意与alone(独自的)的区别alone能作后置定语,不能作前置定语。 4)Welsh,威尔士的。名词形式为Wales(Wales)。


  Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. 1)since then,自从那之后。这是现在完成时的标志性时间状语。 2)fly sb. to somewhere,用飞机载某人到某地。


  Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. 1)block,街区;大楼。 2)on…occasion,在…场合下。 3)desert,这里用作动词,表示抛弃、废弃。注意其发音为[dɪ'zɜ:t]。当用作名词时,表示沙漠,发音为['dezət] 。 4)car park,停车场。这里的park是指停车场。


  Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. 1)just,刚刚,是现在完成时的标志性词语。 2)refuse,拒绝。如果直接接名词、代词及其短语,则直接用作refuse sb./sth.,但如果后接动词,则用作refuse to do。 3)request,礼貌的请求、要求。也可用作动词,用法为request sth. from sb.,也可用作request sb. to do sth.。


  The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous. 1)a lonely island用作Rockall的同位语,补充说明其具体位置。 2)the Atlantic Ocean,大西洋。可介绍四大洋及其英语名称:the Pacific Ocean、the Indian Ocean、the Arctic Ocean。 3)take,相当于前面的fly或carry。 4)dangerous,危险的。源自danger(危险)。


  读写重点


  1、注意课文最后一句话的结构,该句为并列复合句,即第一层关系是由but引导的并列句,而在but后面的分句中又含有一个由because引导的原因状语从句。


  2、注意not…because…的运用。有时运用不当,会引起歧义。如:


  He didn't go to the party because she was there.


  在没有上下文的情况下,这句话有两种含义:


  He didn't go to the party, because she was there.或 He went to the party, not because she was there.




新概念英语第2册重要句型语法Lesson30


  重要句型或语法


  冠词


  本课侧重的是人名和地名前的一般不加冠词,但在海洋、河流、山脉和部分国名前要加定冠词the。如:


  John lives in England.


  It can get very rough in the Mediterrean.


  课文主要语言点


  The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home.


  1)the Wayle,威尔河。河流名称前用定冠词,再比如:the Nile,尼罗河。


  2)that引导的是限定性定语从句,修饰先行词river。因为在第一册中已经学过,所以可以在此复习一下先行词和关系代词的用法。


  3)cut across,穿过、流过。


  I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. 1)注意区分like doing(长久的爱好)和like to do(一时的喜好)。 2)by,在...旁边。相当于near。 3)on fine afternoons,在天气晴朗的下午。表示在具体什么时间的下午,要用介词on。fine,相当于sunny,表示晴朗的。


  It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual.


  1)注意时态的转换。因为前面的内容是在描述客观情况,所以采用的是一般现在时,但是从本句开始描述的是上周日发生的事情,所以要采用一般过去时和其他过去时态。


  2)注意bank的一词多义。


  3)as usual,和往常一样。


  Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river.


  1)play games,玩游戏。注意要么用play a game,要么用play games,不能用play game,因为game是可数名词。


  2)rowing on the river其实是现在分词短语作定语,用来修饰people。其完整形式为:that/who were rowing on the river。当定语从句所修饰的先行词在从句中作主语,而且谓语动词采用了进行时的时候,一般都可以把该定语从句改为现在分词短语结构。


  Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat.


  1)suddenly,突然地。此处用逗号隔开,对后文可以起到很好的强调作用。


  2)此处的and引导的并列句,可以改为so...that...结果状语从句,即得:Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball so hard that it went towards a passing boat.


  3)passing,经过的。


  Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them.


  1)on the bank,在岸上。


  2)call out,大叫、大喊。


  3)注意区分listen to(听着)和hear(听到)。此外,注意listen是不及物动词,后面要跟to才能接宾语。


  The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water.


  1)strike,击打、重击。注意其过去式为struck,但过去分词既可能是struck,也可能是stricken。


  2)so...that...引导的是结果状语从句,其中so修饰的是形容词或副词。如果要修饰名词,则要采用such。如:She is such a lovely girl that everyone likes her.


  3)nearly,几乎。


  I turned to look at the children, but there weren't any in sight: they had all run away!


  1)turn to do,转身做某事。注意turn to sb.表示向某人求助。


  2)in sight,视线所及。


  3)此处的冒号起着解释说明作用。


  4)run away,逃跑。


  The man laughed when he realized what had happened.


  1)注意区分laugh(大笑)与smile(微笑)。此外,laugh at表示嘲笑。


  2)注意realize的读音,还与它源自real,加了后缀-ize,表示实现。


  3)可解释为什么此处的happen要用过去完成时。


  He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the chidren.


  1)call out to sb.,对某人大喊。


  2)throw...back to sb.,把某物扔回给某人。


  读写重点


  当句子结构较为复杂时,如何把从句改为短语结构来简化。如课文中的...there were some people rowing on the river,就是把定语从句改为了现在分词短语。

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